54 BULLETIN 1007, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



in color. The white stock is also demanded for bee-keepers' supplies, 

 for which the No. 1 common grade is often purchased. Firsts and 

 seconds is the usual grade for the manufacture of cigar boxes. The 

 combined grade of No. 2 common and better grades is probably most 

 commonly used, especially by factories making toys, trunks, kitchen 

 cabinets, and dairymen's and apiarists' supplies. For planing-mill 

 products, sash, doors, blinds, and general millwork, a good grade of 

 lumber is employed. For boxes and crates, lower grades are employed 

 as a rule, usually Nos. 2 and 3 common. No. 1 common is also some- 

 times used. 



Furniture and trunk factories use basswood very largely in the 

 form of built-up stock, which is generally the product of the veneer 

 mill. 



LOGS. 



The higher-grade logs are purchased by mills cutting veneer for 

 various products. Factories making panels for trunks, furniture, 

 and cabinets of various kinds require logs of good quality which must 

 be reasonably clear, straight, and round, so that they will cut to 

 advantage into rotary veneer (PI. VI). These factories will take 

 hollow logs if the log is otherwise of good quality. The hollow por- 

 tion of such logs must, of course, not be too large and there must be a 

 thick rim of sapwood around it (PI. VIII). The minimum diameter of 

 logs purchased by these veneer plants is usually 10 inches. For the 

 No. 1 or veneer log grade about $35 to $40 is the usual price paid at 

 the factory. 



Some of the veneer plants, including those manufacturing lower- 

 grade products, such as cheese boxes, also have a sawmill equipment 

 and convert lower-grade logs into lumber, which they use in the 

 manufacture of their products. They buy woods-run logs, which 

 bring about $20 to $30 a thousand board feet f . o. b. cars. The price 

 at the factory is generally $5 to $8 a thousand more. Basket factories 

 generally pay somewhat less. In some instances they purchase sizes 

 down to 6 inches in diameter at a comparatively low cost. Match 

 factories using basswood require logs of high quality for veneering. 

 They generally use No. 1, or veneer, grade, which must be free 

 from black heart-rot and reasonably free from knots. Sizes down to 

 8 inches in diameter and 22 inches in length are taken. The specifi- 

 cations usually call for 8 to 12 inch diameter material in lengths 

 which are multiples of 22 inches up to 15 feet. Logs over 12 inches 

 in diameter are preferred in lengths between 3^ and 14 feet. No. 1 

 logs cost match factories about $50 to $55 a thousand board feet, 

 freight included. No. 2 logs suitable for this purpose bring $5 to $10 

 a thousand less. Match factories must frequently get their logs from 

 a considerable distance, and the resultant high freight costs often 

 amount to from $10 to $15 a thousand board feet. 



