14 



BULLETIN 1009, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



computations in Table 4 have been made according to the method out- 

 lined in the preceding paragraph. 



Table 4. — Chances of occurrence of variations in the capacity of bottles larger 

 than the calculated maximum variations. 



HAND-BLOWN. 





Calculated 











Capacity. 



maximum 



variation, 



individual 



bottles. 



Average 

 deviation 

 X 0.8453. 



X 



7" 



Probabil- 

 ity. 



Chance of 

 occurrence 

 ba^ed on ob- 

 served data. 





(*) 



(r) 



(/) 







Fluid oz. 



Fluid oz. 









lin: 



1 



0.10 



0.028 



3.58 



0.9842 



G3 



4 



.24 



.057 



4.21 



.9955 



222 



S 



.29 



.135 



2.15 



.8530 



7 



12 



.29 



.127 



2.28 



.8759 



8 



24 



.39 



.279 



1.40 



. 6550 



3 



64 



1.16 



.346 



3.36 



.9766 



43 



MACHINE-B LO V N . 



2 



0.19 



0.010 



10. 00 



. 9999+ 



over 10,000 



4 



.24 



.057 



4.21 



.9955 



222 



8 



.29 



.042 



6.90 



. 9999+ 



over 10,000 



12 



.29 



.042 



6.90 



. 9999+ 



over 10,000 



16 



.39 



.059 



6.62 



. 9999+ 



over 10, 000 



While the chances of occurrence of the calculated maximum vari- 

 ation, 1 in 7, 1 in 8, and 1 in 3, as shown for the hand-blown 8, 12, 

 and 24 ounce sizes, respectively, are not very large, at least the table 

 shows that they are far from even, and indicates that there is not 

 an unreasonable possibility that hand blowers may meet the required 

 calculated maximum variations, in a large percentage of cases. It is 

 also possible that further data on other types of 8 and 12 ounce hand- 

 blown bottles might reduce the chance of occurrence of the calcu- 

 lated maximum variation, since these sizes include soda water and 

 beer bottles, in which exceptional care as to exact weight is not 

 exercised in blowing. The 24 ounce size is not exceptionally common, 

 and a majority of the other two sizes are blown by machine. 



The averages of the figures in the last column of Table 4 are 1 in 

 58 for hand-blown bottles and 1 in more than 10,000 for machine- 

 blown bottles. These figures show the reliability of the calculated 

 maximum variations when used as limits of variation in the ca- 

 pacity of bottles. In view of the relative prevalence of machine- 

 blown bottles and the possibilities of exceptional care in blowing 

 hand-blown bottles, the data indicate that only a small percentage 

 of the bottles as they occur on the market should vary in capacity 

 by more than the calculated maximum variations. 



VARIATION IN VOLUME OF BOTTLED FOODS. 



In order to determine the variation in volume of the food filled 

 into the bottle, 27 bottling establishments located at various points 



