16 



BULLETIN 1009, U. S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



sets were filled by hand and some by machine. The maximum, mini- 

 mum, and average volumes show the range of volume. As in Table 

 3, the average of the average deviations of various sizes is an index of 

 the variation in volume of food in the bottles of the size mentioned, 

 and the figures in this column are used to compute the chance of 

 occurrence of the calculated maximum variations in the volume of 

 bottled foods. By computations similar to those used in Table 4, the 

 chance of occurrence of variations in the volume of food in the bottle 

 larger than the calculated maximum variations has been computed 

 and compiled in Table 6. 



Table 6.- 



-Chances of occurrence of variations in the volume of food in 

 bottles larger than the calculated maximum variations. 



the 





Calculated 













maximum 



Average 







Chance of 





variation, 



deviation 



JE. 



Probabil- 

 ity. 



occurrence 



Capacity. 



individual 



X 0.8453. 



r 



based on 





bottles. 







observed 













data. 





M 



(r) 



(/) 







Fl. oz. 



Fl.oz. 



Fl.oz. 







lin— 



0.75 



0.10 



0.029 



3.45 



0. 9800 



50 



6 



.24 



.227 



1.06 



. 5254 



2 



8 



.29 



. 272 



1.07 



.5295 



2 



15 



.39 



.131 



2.98 



.9556 



23 



20-26 



.39 



.236 



1.65 



.7342 



4 



63 



1.16 



.269 



4.31 



. 9964 



278 



128 



1.94 



.686 



2.83 



.9437 



18 



The results of the calculations in Table 6 are given in the last 

 column. The average of the last column is 54, showing that, as a 

 rule, one bottle in 54 will fall without the calculated maximum varia- 

 tion. With the exception of the 63-ounce size, where the chance of 

 occurrence of the calculated maximum is 1 in 278, the results indi- 

 cate that there might be a frequent occurrence of variations larger 

 than the calculated maximum variation. It should be noted, how- 

 ever, that soda water is perhaps the most difficult food to bottle ac- 

 curately, since it is carbonated. The vinegar bottled in the' estab- 

 lishments in which these data were collected was bottled hot, thereby 

 giving chances for additional variation due to cooling. When it is 

 considered that the aim of the bottler was changed in some cases 

 from his normal height of fill, it is evident that a number of factors 

 have been introduced to cause variation which would not be met in 

 bottling uncarbonated liquids under conditions which have been 

 customary for some time, as would be the case if the bottler were 

 following the good commercial practice outlined in this bulletin. 

 These data represent variations which would be met under very ex- 

 treme and difficult conditions. Under more favorable circumstances 

 the chances of occurrence as calculated in Table 6 would be re- 

 duced. 



