UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

 BULLETIN No. 1022 



Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry 

 WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief 



Washington, D. C. ▼ February 3, 1922 



RELATION OF INITIAL TEMPERATURE TO 



PRESSURE, VACUUM, AND TEMPERATURE 



CHANGES IN THE CONTAINER DURING 



CANNING OPERATIONS 



By 



C. A. MAGOON and C. W. CULPEPPER 



Office of Horticultural and Pomological Investigations 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Canning Problems! 1 



Review of the Literature " 1 



Need for Study t f Initial Temperature in Its Relation to Pressure and 



Vacuum j 4 



Methods and Apparatus 6 



Theoretical Pressures and Vacuums ' . . 9 



Experiments with Distilled Water for Comparison 12 



Experiments with Specific Food Materials ......... 19 



Summary 50 



Literature Cited . 52 



WASHINGTON 

 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1922 



