SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND THEIR USES. 17 



This soil is representative of considerable tracts of land mapped 

 as the Sassafras loam in the detailed surveys of the Camden, Free- 

 hold, Trenton, and Salem areas. It contains a slightly greater 

 amount of greensand or glauconite in the deeper portions of the 

 subsoil than is common, but in all other respects is typical. 



It is recognized as a strong, productive agricultural soil best suited 

 to the growing of general farm crops and of Irish potatoes. Practi- 

 cally every acre of the type is cleared and occupied for agricultural 

 purposes both in the Freehold area and elsewhere in southern New 

 Jersey. 



Sassafras sandy loam. — The surface soil of the Sassafras sandy 

 loam to an average depth of 8 to 10 inches consists of a light yel- 

 lowish brown to brown sandy loam. It is somewhat heavy and co- 

 herent where it is associated with the Sassafras loam in the vicinity 

 of Freehold. The subsoil is a yellow or yellowish-brown heavy sandy 

 loam, which grades at a depth of about 30 inches into a more porous 

 loamy sand. 



The type is chiefly found on gentle upland slopes in the vicinity 

 of Freehold, and the greater part of its area is well drained. 



Colts Neck loam. — The surface soil of the Colts Neck loam, to an 

 average depth of 7 or 8 inches, is a distinctly red or dark-red loam. 

 The subsoil, to a depth of 30 inches, is a sticky, coherent, red loam. 

 Usually below 30 inches the subsoil is more porous and the color a 

 rusty red. In the vicinity of Freehold broken fragments of iron- 

 cemented sand are found in the subsoil. 



The surface of the type within the limits of the detailed soil and 

 crop map made near Freehold is nearly level to gently sloping and 

 the type is well drained. It is found chiefly along the gentle slopes 

 from the upland to the streamways which drain the area. It only 

 occupies a few narrow areas, forming portions of fields, and it is 

 consequently tilled to the same crops and in the same rotations as 

 the more extensive Sassafras loam, with which it is associated. 



It is commonly used for the growing of corn, wheat, and hay. 

 Irish potatoes are also grown, although the staining of the tubers, 

 through the adhesion of red particles of soil slightly decreases their 

 market value. 



Colts Nech sandy loam. — The surface soil of the Colts Neck sandy 

 loam varies from a bright-red to a dark-red sandy loam. The sub- 

 soil is a distinctly red, light sandy loam whiclj grades downward into 

 a somewhat more coherent sandy loam or sandy clay. 



The type is of small extent, occurring near Freehold, where it 

 occupies long, narrow, sloping strips along streamways. The surface 

 is decidedly sloping, and the narrow strips of the type are not tilled 

 differently from other soils with which they are associated. 



47659°— IS— Bull. 677 2 



