28 BULLETIN 677, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



sandy loam. In the vicinity of Masonville it grades almost directly 

 into a somewhat sticky coherent fine sandy loam, which is in turn 

 underlain by a stiff, broAvn loam, or sandy clay subsoil. The entire 

 subsoil has a considerable content of greensand. 



Both level and sloping areas of the type occur in the Hartford area. 

 Drainage is fairly well established. 



The agricultural uses of the soil for orcharding, special crop pro- 

 duction, and general farming are fairly representative of more exten- 

 sive areas of the type elsewhere in southern New Jersey. 



Elkton loam. — The surface soil of the Elkton loam is a light-brown 

 to ash-colored heavy siltj^ loam having a depth of 12 to 15 inches. 

 The subsoil is a slightly heavier silt}- loam of a yellowish color be- 

 coming mottled yellow and gray at a depth of 24 to 36 inches. 



The type occupies level to depressed areas of small extent, asso- 

 ciated with the Sassafras loam and other upland types. It has a 

 tendency to become baked and puddled when thoroughly dry at the 

 surface and would be decidedly benefited by artificial drainage. 



Portsmouth sandy loam. — The surface soil of the Portsmouth sandy 

 loam, to an average depth of 6 to 9 inches, is a dark-gray to almost 

 black sandy loam. It is usually well charged with partly decayed 

 organic matter. The subsoil is prevailingly an almost white, sticky, 

 sandy loam. 



The type occupies depressed areas where drainage has not become 

 well established. Through a considerable part of the j^ear the deep 

 subsoil, at least, is saturated with standing water. 



A very small area of this type is found in the Hartford area and it 

 is closely associated with better drained upland soils so that its uses 

 are scarcely distinctive. 



In addition to the distinct upland soil types there are quite ex- 

 tensive tracts of land along the walls of the Parker's Creek channel 

 and elsewhere which are too steep and broken for cultivation. These 

 areas are almost without exception timbered and were not considered 

 in the study of the cropping of the different agricultural types. 



Some of the creek bottoms were suflSciently extensive to justify 

 mapping. They are moist, subject to inundation at times and liable 

 to receive additions of soil material from time to time. The surface 

 soils were usually .dark loams or sandy loams while the deeper sub- 

 soils at least consisted of beds of greensand or glauconitic loam or 

 clay. The only agricultural use of this material, mapped as the 

 Freneau loam in the Hartford area, is for pasturage. v; 



All these soils are representative of the same types in other parts 

 of southern New Jersey, and conform for the most part to the gen- 

 eral descriptions already given. In the case of the CoUington sandy 

 loam alone is there any decided departure from normal. The deep 

 phase of this soil in the greater part of its area in the Hartford map 



