36 BULLETIN &11, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Near the margins of the Sassafras sand in the Thorofare area and 

 in small depressions throughout its area there are small tracts where 

 the presence of underlying clay becomes evident through the some- 

 what sticky condition of the deep subsoil. This clay layer aids in the 

 retention of moisture in soil and subsoil while it is usually sufficiently 

 covered by sandy materials to permit of good to excessive drainage 

 of the type. 



The surface of the Sassafras sand is nearly level in the Thoro- 

 fare area. Slight ridging exists, but not sufficient to interfere with 

 cultivation. 



The area is representative of considerable tracts of the type which 

 exist along the low terrace bordering the Delaware River, particu- 

 larly in the vicinity of the mouths of the larger tributary streams. 

 In all of these localities the type is fully occupied for the production 

 of intensively tilled crops. Trucking has been intensively developed 

 on this soil from the vicinity of Burlington, N. J., to that of Penns 

 Grove, N. J. The Thorofare area is representative of this belt. 



Sassafras sandy loam. — The Sassafras sandy loam is in most re- 

 spects identical with the areas described in the Hartford area. It 

 occurs along slopes at the higher elevations near the southern 

 boundary of the Thorofare area. Surface drainage is good, while 

 the heavier subsoil assists in maintaining a good supply of moisture 

 in both soil and subsoil. Practically all of the type is under culti- 

 vation. 



Gollington fine sandy loam. — The surface soil of the Collington 

 fine sandy loam contains a little more fine sand than is typical, owing 

 to a moderate amount of wind action in piling up Ioav ridges of fine 

 sand near the larger streams. The subsoil' is a dark-brown, greasy 

 clay to a depth of 18 inches, where it is underlain by a brown loam 

 or clay loam distinctly marked by the presence of greensand. 



The surface of the type is nearly level and drainage is well estab- 

 lished. 



Portsmouth sandy loam,. — This soil occupies areas where drainage 

 is poorly established. It iS marked by a dark, mucky surface soil, as 

 in the Hartford area, and by a gray to nearly white sandy loam sub- 

 soil. The latter is nearly always saturated with standing water. 



Stvamp. — The areas mapped as Swamp consist of small tracts of 

 poorly drained stream bottoms. They are either timbered or used 

 for pasture. No tilled crops are grown upon them. 



Tidal marsh. — Extensive areas of Tidal marsh border the upland 

 both along Woodbury Creek and along the Delaware River. In 

 favorable situations these areas have been diked and drained and 

 some areas of hay are annually cut. The chief use is for pasture, and 

 adjacent upland farms, devoted to truck growing, frequently main- 



