14 



BULLETIlSr 683, U. S, DEPARTMENT OP AGEICULTUEE. 



great distance. In the case of Pennsylvania, however, where the 

 lumber cut of elm is small, manufacturers reported that 90 per cent 

 was secured from outside the State. In Illinois at least 70 per cent 

 came from outside, mostly from Michigan and Wisconsin. In New 

 York 50 per cent of the raw material was not native to the State. 

 In such States as Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri, where the lumber cut 

 has decreased considerably in the past few years, the use of elm 

 by factories is no doubt much less at the present time than is indicated 

 in the table. In Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, on the other 

 hand, the amounts consumed have doubtless increased recently. 

 Many factories of Michigan and Wisconsin, especially hoop and 

 basket factories which use material in the log, have moved to the 

 lower Mississippi Valley during the past few years to get a sufficient 

 elm supply. 



Table 6. — Annual consum'ption of elm in factories , hy States . 



State. 



Michigan 



Ohio 



Wisconsin 



Illinois 



Indiana 



Arkansas 



New York 



Missouri 



Pennsylvania . . . 



Tennessee 



Louisiana 



Iowa 



Minnesota 



Mississippi 



Kentucky 



Massachusetts. . . 



Texas 



Connecticut 



New Hampshire 

 New Jersey 



Feet B. M. 



79,105,951 

 59, 229, 054 

 42, 193, 400 

 38,308,000 

 34,578,723 

 22, 567, 000 

 19, 237, 500 

 19, 176, 103 

 10, 415, 843 



8. 347. 000 

 6,858,000 

 4, 832, 527 



3. 549. 001 

 3,080,000 

 3,059,000 

 2,706,000 

 1,866,000 

 1,295,900 



704, 273 

 654,440 



State. 



Maryland 



Alabama 



Vermont 



Virginia 



West Virginia. . 

 North Carolina. 



Nebraska 



Maine 



Oklahoma 



Kansas 



South Carolina. 



Washington 



Delaware 



California 



Georgia 



Oregon 



Rhode Island . . 

 Montana 



Total. 365, 154, 



Feet B. M. 



592,000 

 570,000 

 569,625 

 445,581" 

 204,000 

 197,000 

 130, 581 

 115,500 

 110,000 

 107,000 

 100,000 

 100,000 

 56, 246 

 40,000 

 38,000 

 10,200 

 4,000 

 1,500 



UTILIZATION BY INDUSTRIES. 



Table 7 gives the annual factory consmnption of ehn grouped 

 according to industries. These figures show that the slack cooperage 

 industry is by far the most important, the amount credited to this 

 use being more than twice that of the next in importance, baskets 

 and crates. The figure for slack cooperage was obtained by con- 

 verting to board feet census figures on the total amount of slack 

 cooperage stock manufactured, while figures for other industries are 

 in terms of amounts of lumber consumed. There is a large amount 

 of waste in the slack cooperage industry, so that without doubt more 

 than 147,000,000 board feet of lumber could have been produced 

 from the same raw material which was used in the manufacture 

 of this amount of slack-cooperage stock. The importance of this 

 industry, therefore, is probably somewhat greater than is shown in 

 the table. Figures for slack cooperage are those compiled by the 



