UTILIZATION OF ELM. 37 



well-manufactured lumber is much more valuable than lumber 

 that is poorly manufactured. Some of the product turned out by 

 portable sawmills can not command good prices for this reason. It 

 usually pays well to exercise care in securing exact and uniform sizes 

 of lumber. Graded lumber can usually be sold at a higher price 

 than the ungraded or "mill run" because its quality is better known. 

 The manufacturer can also generally use the graded stock to better 

 advantage, because it is better suited to his special requirements. 



Manufacturers of vehicle stock buy considerable cork and white 

 3lm, and a good price can usually be obtained for high-grade material, 

 rhere is a good demand by automobile body makers for thick material 

 Df cork elm and for white elm suitable for bending. Chair factories 

 also use considerable elm in bent work and can generally utiHze large 

 amounts of No. 1 common and better grades. Manufacturers of 

 Dther elm products, such as furniture, chairs, church pews, and agri- 

 cultural implements, also usually buy graded lumber to meet their 

 requirements. Factories often buy a certain combination of grades. 

 Furniture factores, for instance, often buy a "No. 1 common and 

 better" grade. Some factories find it an advantage to buy as low as 

 'No. 3 common and better" and use the lowest grade for crating. 



Timber owners often can secure valuable information on markets 

 Tom State foresters, forest and agricultural schools, and the United 

 states Department of Agriculture.^ Lists of uses for elm are given 

 )n pages 39 to 43 of this bulletin. 



ELM IN THE WOODLOT.^ 



With the great modern reduction in the timber supphes of the 

 country, the farm woodlot has constantly gained in importance as a 

 ;ource of timber for both local and general consumption. Elm, 

 vhile rarely very abundant in woodlots, is still of frequent occurrence 

 n them.^ The different kinds are rather ahke in their growth needs. 



1 Woodlot owners should secure Farmers Bulletin 715, "Measuring and Marketing Woodlot Products." 



2 Prepared by E. H. Frothingham, OfSce of Forest Investigations. 



3 Anidea of the degree of prevalence of elm in woodlots is given in the following statement, compiled from 

 eports of woodlot owners in different States and counties. The figures have no relation to the abundance 

 I elm, but simply give the percentage of the woodlots examined which contained elm, whether in large or 

 a small quantity: 



Percentage of woodlots examined which contained elm. 



Region. 



Per cent. 



ifortheastem Connecticut (Windham County) 1-3 



ilorthwestem Vermont (Franklin County) 8. 2 



Jorthem Indiana (Kosciusko County) 53. 3 



Central Indiana (Madison County) 68. 4 



iouthem Indiana (Jackson Coimty) 16. 2 



Central Wisconsin (Marathon County) 46. 8 



Iouthem Minnesota (McLeod County) 84. 



iastem Iowa (Jones County) -_ 53. 3 



loutheastem Nebraska ( Gage County) 54. 3 



lentral Tennessee (Rutherford County) 40. 



