UTILIZATIOlSr OF ELM, 39 



rims and handles, bent work in vehicles and chairs, and framework 

 of such products as furniture and agricultural implements. 



Elm is becoming scarce, and consequently higher priced. In the 

 region of the Great Lakes, where the largest supply has been, fac- 

 tories often find it difficult to get a sufficient quantity, and many of 

 them have been forced to remove to the lower Mississippi Valley 

 region for a new supply. 



A fairly constant, though probably diminishing, supply of elm is 

 assured for a long time to come because the different elm species, 

 taken altogether, have a wide range and form an appreciable per- 

 centage of the mixed hardwood stand throughout the eastern half 

 of the United States, In many strictly agricultural areas elm is 

 often found near streams and on lands not suitable for tilling. 

 Farmers' woodlots, which have furnished a large part of the past 

 supply of elm, can not be depended upon, however, for a constant 

 futme supply, because farmers will prefer more rapid growth and 

 more widely useful species. 



The future use of elm will be restricted for the most part to those 

 purposes for which other species are not satisfactory. On account 

 of the higher price and increasing scarcity of the supply, manufac- 

 turers are substituting many other woods for elm where this is 

 possible. 



Elm in the log can be best utilized for hoops, parts of baskets, 

 and such articles as cheese-box rims. A good grade of elm is required 

 for bent work by manufactm-ers of different kinds of vehicles and 

 furniture. The cork elm and dense second-growth material of other 

 elm species is particularly in demand by vehicle makers, especially 

 automobile-body manufacturers, and for certain kinds of wooden- 

 ware articles. Large amounts of low-grade elm are used by factories 

 for crating. 



Timber owners are often enabled to find a suitable market by 

 writing to the Forest Service, United States Department of Agri- 

 culture, and to State forestry officials. 



CLASSIFIED USES OF ELM IN DIFFERENT WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES. 



WHITE ELM. 



Agricultural implements. — Cultivator frames, cultivators, drill boxes, fishbacks, 

 harrows, bay balers, bay racks, hayrakes, plow bandies, macbine platforms, potato 

 diggers, press racks, root cutters, seeder rims, sboveling-board cleats, spraying ma- 

 cbines, stump pullers. 



Baskets and crates. — Bails, basket; bands, basket; bottoms, basket; baskets, banana; 

 baskets, busbel; baskets, fruit; baskets, grain; baskets, grape; baskets, shipping; 

 baskets, splint; baskets, split; baskets, vegetable; baskets, waste; box shooks; boxes, 

 apple; boxes, candy; boxes, cigar; boxes, comb; boxes, knife; boxes, seed; boxes, 

 trunk; boxes, veneer; boxes, wheelbarrow; boxes, woven; cases, egg; cleats, bottom; 

 crates, bushel; crates, egg; crates, onion; crates, potato; crating; crating, automobile; 

 crating, buggy; crating, carriage; crating, wagon; frames, banana carriers; hampers, 



