SOURCES OF APPLE BITTEE-EOT IJSTPECTIONS. 19 



OTHER HOST PLANTS. 



Shear and Wood (15) in 1913, after careful cultural and morpho- 

 logical studies in addition to cross-inoculation work with cultures 

 from various hosts, gave the following list of 34 plants liable to 

 attack by Glonh&rella oingulata (Stoneman) S. and V. S. 



Brya ebenus (L.) DC. (Jamaica Maranta arundinacea L. (?) (Ar- 



ebony. ) rowroot. ) 



Caryota rumphiana Mart. (Palm.) Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pers. 



Cinnamonmm zeylanicum Nees. (Cin- (Cranberry.) 



namon.) Per sea gratissima Gaertn. f. (Avo- 



Citrus aurantium sinensis L. (Sweet ^,^^ .' ^ 



orange ) Phormmm tenax Forst. 



^.. ," /T % HT /Ti Pimenta acris (Swartz) Jostel. 



Cttrus decumana (L.) Murr. (Pom- p,.^^^ macrophyllum Swartz. (Pep- 



^^^•^ perwort.) 



Citrus limonum Risso. (Lemon.) Pitcairnia corallina Linden. 



Citrus nobilis Lour. (Mandarin.) Psidium guajava L. (Guava.) 



Coffea araUca L. (Coffee.) i?/6es oxyacanthoides L. (Goose- 

 Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith. (Spi- berry.) 



ral flag.) RuMs ocddentalis L. (Blaclv rasp- 

 CurcuUgo sp. berry.) 



Eriohotrya japonica (Thunb.) LindL Thea japonica (L.) Baill. (Camellia.) 



(Loquat.) Thea sinensis L. (Tea.) 



Ficus carica L. (Fig.) Theohroma cacao L. (Cliocolate nut.) 



Ficus elastica Roxb.. (Rubber plant.) Vitis lahrusca L. (Concord grape.) 



Ficus longifolia Schott. Annona cherimola Miller. (Cheri- 

 Ginkgo biloha L. moya.) 



Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Honey lo- Crataegus sp. (Hawthorn.) 



cust.) Rulus trivialis (cult.). (White dew- 

 Hedyscepe sp. = Kenita. (Palm.) berry.) 



Ligustrum vulgare L. (Privet.) Smilax medica Schl. and Cham. 



Malus sylvestris Mill. (Apple.) Van ilia planifoUa Andrews. (Va- 

 Mangifera sp. (Mango.) nilla.) 



Taubenhaus (IT) in 1914 expressed the belief that Gloeosporium 

 offi'Cinale E. and E., which he found caused a disease of the spicebush 

 (Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees) and of sassafras {Sassafras varii- 

 foUum (Salisb.) Ktze.) in Delaware, is identical with the fungus 

 which causes apple bitter-rot. He based his belief upon the fact that 

 apples inoculated with the organism from the spicebush and sassafras 

 developed the characteristic bitter-rot. He recommends the exter- 

 mination of both the spicebush and the sassafras, so as to prevent 

 them from harboring the bitter-rot fungus and carrying it to the 

 apple. 



The writer was never able to find the bitter-rot fungus on sassafras 

 in Arkansas, though sassafras is very abundant in that section of the 

 country. It is rather common, in fact, to find orchards surrounded 

 by hedges of sassafras which have escaped destruction because of 

 their nearness to the wire fences inclosing the orchards. 



None of these plants as sources of infection compare in importance 

 with mummied apples, apple cankers, or diseased apples. On none 

 of these hosts, such as sassafras, raspberry, or hawthorn, which are 

 commonly found in close proximity to orchards, does the disease be- 

 come very destructive or epiphytotic, as it does upon the apple. Fur- 



