UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



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f BULLETIN No. 690 



Contribution from the Bureau of Markets, 

 CHARLES J. BRAND, Chief. 



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Washington, D. C. 



July 23, 1918 



MARKETING PRACTICES OF WISCONSIN AND 

 MINNESOTA CREAMERIES. 



By Roy C. Potts, Specialists in Marketing Dairy Products. 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction 1 



Factors which influence the marketing prac- 

 tices of creameries 1 



Buying policies and methods of creameries. . 3 



Marketing of creamery by-products 5 



Transportation of creamery butter to market 6 



Shrinkage of butter from creamery to market 7 



Market methods of weighing S 



Marketing of butter by creameries 10 



Market distribution of creamery butter 11 



Conclusion 15 



INTRODUCTION. 



As information regarding the methods of marketing employed by 

 the creameries in the two largest butter-producing States, Wisconsin 

 and Minnesota, might be of interest to dairy farmers and of value 

 to ereamerymen, the marketing practices of these creameries were 

 studied by the United States Department of Agriculture in coopera- 

 tion with the University of Wisconsin, the University of Minnesota, 

 and the Dair}' and Food Department of the latter State. ^ In this 

 bulletin the more important business phases of the marketing prac- 

 tices of these creameries and the market distribution of creamery 

 butter are presented. 



FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE MARKETING PRACTICES OF 



CREAMERIES. 



The business operations of a creamery may be classified as those 

 which are primarily (1) manufacturing practices, (2) business prac- 

 tices, and (3) marketing practices. The manufacturing practices 



1 Those participating directly in the investigation were Prof. B. H. Hibbard, Asher 

 Hobson, and Paul Gillen, of the University of Wisconsin, Dr. L. D. H. Weld and O. B. 

 Jesness, of the University of Minnesota, and Chris Johnsen of the Minnesota Dairy and 

 Food Department. 



Note. — This bulletin should be of interest to creamery men and dairy farmers in tBe 

 United States. 



.57299° — Bull. G90— 18 1 



