FARM HANDICRAFT FOR SCHOOLS. 



TTT 



3 



21 



1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 



4 

 20 



1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ I 



5 

 19 



l.i.l.i.l. »■!■»■ 



Fig. 4. — Divisions of a carpenter's rule. 



teeth are filed in sharpening, as indicated in the figure. The ripsaw 

 is used to cut with the grain of the wood. Its teeth are filed to the 

 shape of chisels placed one "behind the other, as shown at B, figure 1. 

 Figure 2 shows the position of hand, elbow, and shoulder when 



using a saw. The U | I | I 1 I | I | | | | I 



index finger should 

 be along the top of 

 the handle on the 

 right side and the 

 thumb on the left 

 side. They are 

 then in a position to guide the saw. The hand, elbow, and shoulder 

 should be in a straight line, as shown in the drawing. To start saw- 

 ing, place the left hand on the mark on the board, as shown in figure 



3, to guide the saw 

 and make a fight up 

 stroke. Continue 

 with a few fight 

 strokes up and down 

 until the saw is well 

 started and finally 

 take full strokes the 

 length of the blade. 

 The rule is the 



i ■ i 



3 4 



I I I 



I ■ I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' 

 8 9 IO II 12 13 14 15 16 17 

 I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ 



7U/VGOE' 



o o 

 o 



TTT 



TTT 



TTT 



MM1 



&L40£ 



Fig. 5. 



-Steel square and try- 

 square. 



&54A7 



measurmg gauge. 

 Naturally, accurate 

 measurements are necessary if good work is 

 done. On the 2-foot rule one edge is di- 

 vided into inches, halves, quarters, and 

 eighths, and the other into inches, halves, 

 quarters, eighths, and sixteenths, as shown in figure 4. 

 To save time when measurmg a number of pieces of 

 the same length it is advisable to make a measuring stick 

 of the length required and use this instead of the rule. 



Figure 5 shows the two kinds 

 of squares in use: The carpen- 

 ter's steel square at (A), and 

 the try square at (B). As shown 

 in the drawing, the parts of 

 a steel square are tongue and blade, 

 and the parts of a try square are blade 

 and beam. The carpenter's square is used for measuring 

 lumber and also for squaring across boards when cutting stock 

 into lengths. Figure 6 shows how a steel square is used for 

 squaring across a board. Notice that the long side is parallel with the 



Fig. 6. 



Squaring up a board with. 

 a steel square. 



