THE HORSE-RADISH FLEA-BEETLE. 15 



The species passes the winter in hibernation as a beetle, coming 

 forth in its northern range in April and May. 



While as yet destructive only to horse-radish, its capabilities of be- 

 coming a pernicious pest, should it adapt itself to the economically 

 more important cruciferous crops, must be acknowledged, and meas- 

 ures should be taken for its suppression wherever possible. 



No systematic control program has been adopted as yet. Bordeaux 

 mixture, a powerful repellent against flea-beetles, applied on the first 

 appearance of the insect will prevent much injury, and if arsenate of 

 lead is used later it should hold the insect in check. 



When a new bed is to be planted a location should be chosen as 

 far removed as possible from any infested bed. It is advisable also 

 to destroy all volunteer plants, not only to keep the insect in check 

 but in some cases to suppress it as a weed. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



(1) Koch. J. D. W. 



1803. Entornologische Hefte, v. 2, p. 75. Frankfort am Main. (See 

 Hoffman, J. J., In Hagen's Bibl. Ent., p. 374.) 



Original description as Haltica armoraciae from Cochlearia armoracia, with 

 illustration by Sturm. 



(2) Weise, Julius. 



1893. Chrysomelidae. In Erichson's Naturw. Insecten Deutsch., v. 6, 



p. 865, 866. 

 Systematic and biologic notes of Pliyll. armoraciae, with, description and sys- 

 tematic bibliography. 



(3) Chittenden, F. H. 



1895. The horse-radish flea-beetle. In Insect Life, v. 7, no. 5, p. 404-406, 



1 fig., July, 1895. 

 Two-page article recording first appearance of this European insect in America — 

 in Illinois and Iowa. 



r 



(4) 



1897. Notes on certain species of Coleoptera that attack useful plants. 



In U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bui. 9, n. s.. p. 20-25. 

 Note of occurrence in Wisconsin and of probable increase in range. 



(5) Wolcott, A. B. 



Coleoptera of Central Illinois, No. III. In Ent. News, v. 11, no. 5, 



p. 468-470. 

 Mention of capture on horse-radish at Bloomington, 111. 



(6) Davis, J. J. 



1910. Insect notes from Illinois for 1909. In Jour. Econ. Ent., v. 3, 



no. 2, p. 180-187. 

 Mention as being injurious to horse-radish in Illinois. 



(7) Blatchley, W. S. 



1910. On the Coleoptra Known to Occur in Indiana. 1,386 p., 590 figs. 

 Description and record of occurrence near Pine. Lake County, Ind. 



