MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY IN HAWAII. 5 



in 1904, it was introduced many years before. In 1893 Bairstow 

 writes that he was familiar with C. capitata in South Africa in 1880, 

 and that the Rt. Rev. Bishop Richards remembered damage done as 

 far in the past as 40 years. In 1903-4 Fuller records C. capitata 

 as one of the newly observed pests among the Natal orchards. It is 

 not known whether the introduction in South Africa was by infested 

 fruit from the Madeiras or by the gradual spread overland along the 

 coastal regions, although the Madeiras seem the more probable source. 

 C. capitata was first recorded from Madagascar during 1914, when 

 it was found seriously injuring the peach crop. 



AUSTRALASIA. 



Western Australia. — The Mediterranean fruit fly was first recorded 

 in literature as a pest in Australia in 1897 by Fuller, who states that 

 it had been known to have been established in western Australia for 

 about two years in Claremont and Perth and along the Swan River, 

 especially at Guildford. According to Despeissis, the first report of 

 injury in Australia was made to the Bureau of Western Australia in 

 1894, which was, in his opinion, about one or two years after the date 

 of its actual introduction. The pest has since been recorded from 

 as far north as Geraldton and Northampton and as far south as 

 Bunbury. 



New South Wales. — In New South Wales the Mediterranean fruit 

 fly was first reared in 1898. French found that peaches imported into 

 Victoria from Sydney were infested and notified Froggatt. Within 

 a few days Froggatt was able to verify this record by rearings of 

 his own from fruit supposed to have been infested by the Queens- 

 land fruit f\.y-(Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt). As Froggatt had been 

 on the watch for 0. capitata, it is probable that it became estab- 

 lished about Sydney during 1898, although Rose, in 1897, states that 

 in the northern part of New South Wales, at Warialda, peaches 

 and nectarines had been nearly all destroyed in 1897 by a fruit fly 

 first appearing about 1895 and identified by Froggatt as probably 

 G. capitata. According to Froggatt, the pest has spread through- 

 out all the citrus orchards of New South Wales to a greater or less 

 extent. 



Victoria. — Editorial comment in 1907 states that serious infesta- 

 tion of C. capitata had been recently discovered in the orchards in 

 Goulburn Valley and farther west at Bendigo and at Horsham, and 

 Froggatt is authority for its establishment at Albury and for the 

 statement that it is present throughout the northern half of Victoria. 



Queensland. — There are very few references to the presence of C. 

 capitata in Queensland. Froggatt states, in 1909, that for a long 

 time it was believed that it was not to be found in this part of Aus- 

 tralia, but that, while it might not be abundant, he had specimens 



