10 



BULLETIN 536, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



It will be observed that the daily range is very small, averaging 

 between 8 and 11 degrees, and that the normal monthly mean tem- 

 peratures range between 70.9° and 79° F. In Table II are given the 

 monthly and yearly means, together with the yearly maximum and 

 minimum temperatures, recorded at different places on the islands of 

 Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu, which, at their respective elevations, repre- 

 sent the variations in range of temperature from that in Honolulu, to 

 be found at points in Hawaii where host fruits are grown. 



Table II. — Monthly and annual mean and maximum and minimum temperatures of 

 representative localities in Hawaii where host fruits of the Mediterranean fruit fly may be 

 grown. 



Locality. 



Island of Oahu:. 



Honolulu 



Waialua Mill 



Waianae 



Schofield Barracks 



Tantalus Heights. 

 Island of Maui: 



Kaanapali 



Wailuku 



Haiku 



Island of Hawaii: 



Hilo 



Honokaa 



Holualoa 



Huehue 



Pahala 



KohalaMill 



Waimea 



Volcano House 



Feet. 



Ill 



30 



6 



990 



1,300 



12 



250 



700 



100 



470 



1,350 



2, 000 



850 



270 



2,720 



4,000 



Monthly mean temperatures. 



0.0169.7 

 70.4168.7 

 71. 3 70. 4 

 66. 6 65. 8 

 63. 6i64. 1 



70.270.4 

 68. 8,69. 2 

 67. 2 67. 2 



i.4 

 67.6 

 67.0 

 65.2 



.6 

 68.4 

 58.6 

 57.8 



68 



67.8 



66.6 



65.4 



68.4 



67.9 



60.4 



58.6 



"F. 

 71.4 

 71.0 

 71.9 

 67.4 

 66.3 



°F. 

 3.3 



2.7 

 73.8 



68.9 

 67.2 



71.4 74.0 

 69. 8 72". 2 

 68. 6:69 



69.4J70.8 

 0.171.0 

 66.7 68.8 

 66. 4 ! 68. 3 

 68. 7 71. 2 

 69.7170.9 

 62.0 61.9 

 59. 59. 6 



F. °F. 



74. 3 75. 3 



73.4 74.4 



74.8 



69.8 



,0 



77.3 

 71.0 



67.7 



°F. 

 76.4 

 75.8 

 79.2 

 73.0 

 69.3 



79.3 

 75.5 



72.8 



°F.\°F. "F. 

 78.176.8 75.2 

 77. 0175. 9 73. 9 

 80.0!79.3j75.5 

 74. 73. 2171. 2 

 70. 4 69. 1 68. 5 



80.0 



77.4 

 74.2 



6. 77. 3 

 '3. 74. 1 

 70. 7J70. 7 



71. 3 72. 4 

 72. 3 1 72. 6 

 68.3 69.4 

 1. 6 70. 1 

 71.272.1 

 72. 2 72. 6 



6l!9'6l!8;63. 6 65. 1 

 59.2:60.160.0,59.2 



74. 74. 6 

 73.4J74.6 

 70.8|71.2 

 72.6 73.3 

 4. 0|75. 2 

 4. 2 75. 2 



79.4 

 75.8 

 72.H 



73.8 

 72.8 

 70.8 

 71.7 



76.5 

 74.0 

 71 



73.0 

 72.4 



69.4 

 69.8 



74.9 73.0 



74. 2 73. 1 

 63. 7 64. 2 



59.3 61.0 



°F. 

 74.7 

 72.8 

 74.8 

 66.4 

 67.4 



75.2 

 72.8 



70.4 



71.4 



1.2 



8.2 



68.8 



2.4 



71.7 



61.7 



60.8 



°F. 

 72.4 

 70.5 

 73.2 

 68.1 

 65.6 



Annual. 



>F. 



4.0 



3.0 



75.1 



69. 6 



67.3 



73. 75. 2 

 70. 9 72. 8 



68.7 70.4 



69. 6 71. 4 

 69.071.2 

 66. 2168. 6 



66. 8 68. 9 

 72.0i71.8 



0. 2 71. 7 

 60. 4 62. 1 

 60. 4 59. 6 



92 



o> o 



II 



'F. 



58 

 55 

 52 

 51 



54 



57 

 56 

 57 



55 

 53 



51 

 50 

 53 

 54 



41 

 42 



Biological work has shown that even the lowest monthly means of 

 localities up to 1,500 feet elevation have little effect upon C. capitata 

 other than to retard development somewhat. It is never cold enough 

 throughout littoral Hawaii to render either the adults or the larvae 

 inactive. As a result there are no periods of the year at any Hawaiian 

 port when the climatic conditions are unfavorable for the establish- 

 ment or increase of this pest. Data presented later in the text indicate 

 that a continuous temperature ranging between 58° and 62° F., or the 

 lowest range of temperature usually experienced in littoral Hawaii, 

 does not increase the normal mortality among the immature stages of 

 the fruit fly, and that these stages withstand for short periods, with- 

 out injury, temperatures lower than any recorded in Table II. The 

 two stations, Holualoa and Huehue, at about 1,350 and 2,000 feet 

 elevation, respectively, may be taken as fair examples of altitudes 

 above which host fruits are only scat tori ngly grown, but at which the 

 fruit fly has demonstrated its capacity to injure fruits seriously. 



