MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY IN HAWAII, 37 



during July, 1913, only 191 adults were reared. Of 45 fruits gathered during Febru- 

 ary, 1916, only 29 were infested. These 29 fruits yielded 55 adults, or an average of 

 about 2 per fruit. Seven is the largest number of adults reared from any one of 16 

 infested fruits during April, 1913. 



37. Fig (Ficus carica). 



The fig (Ficus carica) is very generally infested. Because of the white, sticky sap 

 which exudes copiously from abrasions made in its skin it does not become infested 

 until the fruits are sufficiently ripe for the market. The larvae are very small, as a 

 rule, when the fruits are offered for sale and because of the interior structure of the 

 fruit are easily overlooked. Only 6 out of 24 very ripe figs purchased in the market 

 during July produced a total of 9 adult flies. Of ripe fruits purchased during March, 

 6 out of 22 produced 34 adults. From 12 apparently perfect figs, purchased during 

 June, 36 adults were reared. Of 44 figs sufficiently ripe that little sap ran when they 

 were gathered from trees in Manoa Valley, 10 proved to be uninfested. From the 

 remaining 34 fruits 430 adults were reared, 12, 25, 28, 32, 44, and 48 adults being reared 

 from 5 individual fruits. Kirk records rearing 241 adults from 7 figs imported into 

 New Zealand from Australia. 



38, 39. Mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana and Garcinia xanthochymus) . 



The mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana and G. xanthochymus) do not become in- 

 fested until ripe. They are not preferred hosts under Hawaiian conditions. The 

 writers have never reared more than an average of 2 adults from infested fruits. A 

 large percentage of the fruits are uninfested. 



40. Cotton (Gossypium spp.). 



The Mediterranean fruit fly was first reared from cotton bolls (PI. XI, fig. 1) on 

 October 19, 1911, by E. M. Ehrhorn from bolls collected by D. B. Kuhns from trees 

 growing on King Street, Honolulu. Numerous flies were reared during June, 1915, 

 by August Busck from bolls collected on the U. S. Experiment Station grounds in 

 Honolulu and at Kaneohe, Oahu. During the same month the writers found 10 out 

 of 201 and 6 out of 174 bolls infested. In 10 bolls 32 larva? were found, 10 larvae 

 being in one boll. In all cases infestation by C. capitata was secondary to attack by 

 the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), and the larvae of the fruit fly 

 appeared to be feeding only upon the affected portions of the bolls rather than upon 

 the cotton fiber itself. 



41. Mountain Apple (Jambosa malaccensis) . 



The mountain apple, or "ohia ai" of the Hawaiians (Jambosa malaccensis), is a wild 

 tree thriving well up to 1,800 feet elevation. The trees frequently are found growing 

 in forests (PI. IV, fig. 1). The fruits maturing in the forests do not appear to be more 

 than slightly, and often not at all, infested. Fruits ripening on trees within the 

 city of Honolulu are often badly infested. All the fruits ripening during August, 

 1914, on a tree growing in Pauoa Valley were infested. Ehrhorn reared adult flies 

 from fruits from Kalihi Valley during August, 1911. As a rule, the fruits from the 

 mountains, offered for sale in Honolulu, are free from infestation. 



While none of three varieties of water apples ( Jambosa spp.), of which there are a few 

 trees in Honolulu, have been found infested, there is no reason why they should not 

 be infested, as they are similar in texture to Jambosa malaccensis. 



42. Blue Palm (Tetania loddigesii) . 



One nut of 12 collected from a tree growing on Keeamaku Street, Honolulu, was 

 found infested. Two adult flies were reared. Prof. O. H. Swezey has also reared 

 adults from the overripe nuts of this palm. 



