MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY IN HAWAII. 47 



South Africa and Australia by other investigators. Gurney, of New South Wales, lists 

 the apple among host fruits occasionally infested. Wickens, in 1914, in -western Aus- 

 tralia, writes that "the apple growers who have been hoping that they would not 

 suffer so severely as growers of soft fruits are now becoming seriously alarmed at the 

 presence of fruit-fly punctures and larvae in their export varieties of apples. For- 

 tunately the two apple-producing centers of the State (Bridgetown and Mount Baker) 

 are free from the pest." Lounsbury, in South Africa, writes that "ordinarily only 

 peaches, nectarines, and pears are severely infested, but last year apricots, figs, pears, 

 plums, apples, and quinces were almost all attacked." Newman states that in 

 western Australia eggs deposited in undeveloped apples and pears rarely hatch and 

 that if they do the larvae die. The senior writer found apples grown throughout 

 eastern and southern Spain quite generally infested during 1916. 



The writers have used apples extensively in 

 their experimental work and have found 

 them an excellent fruit for securing large 

 numbers of larvae and eggs for temperature 

 studies. The firmer apples, if not overinfested, 

 serve better than any fruit as a medium for car- 

 rying the pest along within the laboratory 

 for considerable periods. Some fruits become 

 too moist and these are not satisfactory. For 

 one type of infestation see Plate I, figure 2, 

 and Plate XI, figure 2. 



65. Pear (Pyrus spp.). FlG _ 4 . — small apricot, natural size, show- 



_., , . . T . ing eggs of the Mediterranean fruit fly 



There are few pear trees grown m yards m deposited in five places. (Original.) 



Honolulu. The fruits are generally and badly 



infested, the interior often becoming badly eaten out by larvae while the exterior 



appears unaffected. Often fruits, entirely destroyed, may dry up and remain attached 



to the tree. Such a fruit is illustrated in Plate VII, figure 2. 



66. Sandalwood (Santalum freycinetianum var. Uttorale). 



Adults of C. capitata were reared during the summer of 1916 from the fruits of the 

 native sandalwood by Messrs. 0. H. Swezy and J. C. Bridwell. The infested material 

 was taken from a tree growing about 50 feet above sea level at Waianae, Island of Oahu. 



67. Eggplant (Solanum melongena). 



The eggplant (Solanum melongena) has been found infested only once during four 

 years by the writers. One hundred and fifteen fruits of all ages gathered from the 

 vines in the Moiliili market garden during April 26-30, 1914, showed no infestation 

 when examined May 2 to 5 by the removal of the skin. One thousand fruits in all 

 conditions of soundness were examined by the junior writer during November, 1915, 

 by carefully removing the skin from each fruit. In only one fruit were larvae found. 

 These were well grown, several in number, and in tunnels immediately beneath the 

 skin. Adults of C. capitata were reared from these larvae. The senior writer has 

 personally examined many fields superficially, but has never seen infestation due to 

 either C. capitata or Bactrocera cucurbitae. 



68. Wi (Spondias dulcis). 



The "wi" (Spondias dulcis), a native tree of the Society Islands but common to 

 the tropics of both hemispheres, is common in Honolulu and bears heavily. Its 

 fruits are only slightly infested by C. capitata. From 200 very ripe fruits gathered on 



