60 



BULLETIN 536, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



yield adults after a period of dormancy for several months as has 

 been found to be true of the parasites Diachasma tryoni and Diachasma 

 fullawayi. 



Table XVI. — Duration of the pupa stage of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii 



(7,000 pupse). 



Date of 

 pupation. 



Date of 



Number 



Length 



Mean 



Date of 

 pupation. 



Date of 



Number 



Length 



Mean 



emerg- 



adults 



pupa 



tempera- 



emerg- 



adults 



pupa 



tempera- 



ence. 



emerging. 



stage. 



ture. 



ence. 



emerging. 



stage. 



ture. 









Days. 



° F. 









Days. 



° F. 



Feb. 3 1 



Feb. 23 



9 



20 



66.8 



Dec. 18-20 



Jan. 1 



167 



12-14 



72.9 



Do 



Feb. 24 



3 



21 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 2 



466 



13-15 



72.8 



Do 



Feb. 25 



82 



22 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 3 



152 



14-16 



72.7 



Do 



Feb. 26 



69 



23 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 4 



3 



15-17 



72.5 



Do 



Feb. 27 



1 



24 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 5 



2 



16-18 



72.4 



Do 



Mar. 3 



1 



28 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 6 



1 



17-19 



72.3 



Feb. 27 2 



Mar. 13 



7 



14 



70.4 



Dec. 22-29 



Jan. 4 



27 



11-13 



72.4 



Do 



Mar. 14 



40 



15 



70.3 



Do 



Jan. 5 



528 



12-14 



72.3 



Do 



Mar. 15 



15 



16 



70.4 



Do 



Jan. 6 



541 



13-15 



72.1 



Do 



Mar. 17 



17 



18 



70.9 



Do 



Jan. 7 



804 



14-15 



71.9 



Do 



Mar. 18 



3 



19 



70.9 



Do 



Jan. 8. 



57 



15-17 



71.5 



Dec. 1 



Dec. 12 



8 



11 



73.2 



Do 



Jan. 10 



1 



17-19 



71.3 



Do 



Dec. 13 



279 



12 



73.1 



June 10 



June 16 



5 



6 



76.4 



Do 



Dee. 14 



269 



13 



73.1 



Do 



June 19 



14 



9 



76.3 



Do 



Dee. 15 



116 



14 



73.2 



Do 



June 20 



101 



10 



76.3 



Do 



Dee. 16 



29 



15 



73.4 



Do 



June 21 



160 



11 



76.2 



Dec. 8-10 



Dec. 19 



2 



9-11 



73 



Do 



June 22 



7 



12 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 20 



1 



10-12 



73 



Do 



June 23 



3 



13. 



76.3 



Do 



Dec. 21 



98 



11-13 



73.1 



July 13 



July 20 



1 



7 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 22 



478 



12-14 



73.2 



Do 



July 21 



3 



8 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 23 



189 



13-15 



73.2 



Do 



July 22 



39 



9 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 24 



2 



14-16 



73.2 



Do 



July 23 



43 



10 



79.1 



Dec. 16-18 



Dec. 27 



24 



9-11 



73.3 



Do 



July 24 



3 



11 



79 



Do 



Dec. 28 



96 



10-12 



73.1 



June 8 



July 16 



2 



8 



76.2 



Do 



Dec. 29 



654 



11-13 



73.2 



Do 



July 17 



15 



9 



76.2 



Do 



Dec. 30 



712 



12-14 



73.2 



Do 



July 18 



28 



10 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 31 



72 



13-15 



73.2 



Do 



July 19 



53 



11 



76.1 



Dec. 18-20 



Dec. 29 



4 



9-11 



73.2 



Do 



July 20 



53 



12 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 30 



41 



10-12 



73.1 



Do 



July 21 



5 



13 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 31 



415 



11-13 



73 













1 At Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii. 



2 At Honolulu. 



While it is probable that the duration of the pupa stage in any 

 fruit-growing section in Hawaii is never more than 20 to 28 days 

 (average mean temperature 66.8° F.) the writers have shown that it 

 may be much longer under cooler conditions. As a contribution 

 toward what the maximum duration may be, the following data are 

 presented. 



In a glass refrigerator of the usual type for displaying fruits and vegetables, which 

 was kept at a temperature of from 58 to 62° F., the duration of pupal life was found to 

 range between 23 and 38 days when the pupse were placed within storage within half 

 a day after the formation of the puparium. Thus 4, 12, 9, 16, 44, 367, 1,217, 159, 25, 

 11, 5, 1, and 1 adults emerged in the refrigerator after 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 

 32, 33, 34, and 38 days, respectively, of refrigeration. One pupa 8 days old was held 

 in storage at from 40 to 45° F. for 27 days and yielded an adult 2 days after removal 

 to normal temperature, or 37 days after pupation. One hundred pupae placed in a 

 refrigerator when one-half day old and held continuously at a temperature of from 54 

 to 57° F. for 24 days, on removal to normal temperatures produced 2, 27, and 5 adults 

 in 4, 5, and 6 days, respectively, after removal, or 28, 29, and 30 days after pupation. 

 A second lot of 100 pupaa, placed at 54 to 57° F. when 1 day old, produced 3, 16, 9, 3, 

 2, 4, and 2 adults in refrigeration in 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 days, respectively, 

 after pupation. 



