MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY IN HAWAII. 63 



not in contact with the costal nervure, also blotched towards the extremity in the 

 angular space. Between these bands is another shorter black band running parallel 

 with the first transverse band. 



The oval abdomen is clothed on the upper surface with fine, scattered black bristles, 

 and has two rather broad transverse silvery white bands on the basal half of the body. 

 The male differs from the female in being furnished with a pair of stalked appendages 

 standing out in front of the head in a line with the front margin of the eyes, the ex- 

 tremities of which filaments are produced in spatulate appendages, black, finely 

 striated, and diamond shaped. 



The living fly is an active little creature, running about over the foliage or fruit on 

 the trees, with its wings drooping down on the sides of the body. When disturbed it 

 has a short flight, seldom flying more than a few yards at the most, and it often returns 

 to the same spot. 



EMERGENCE. 



The adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly emerge in largest numbers 

 early in the morning during the warmer portions of the Hawaiian 

 year, but more scatteringly during the cooler portions. During the 

 summer the larger proportion of adults emerge between 5 and 8 a. m. 

 On December 31, 1914, when the temperature ranged from 66° to 

 78° F. and the mean relative humidity was 72 per cent, 55, 58, 125, 

 and 16 adults emerged between the hours 6 to 8 a. m., 8 to 10 a. m., 

 10 a. m. to 1 p. m., and 1 to 4 p. m., respectively. On January 2, 

 1915, when the temperature ranged from 68° to 76° F. and the rela- 

 tive humidity was 58 per cent, 141, 159, 28, and 12 adults emerged 

 between the hours 6 and 8 a. m., 8 and 10 a. m., 10 a. m. and 12 m.., 

 and 12 m. and 2 p. m., respectively. 



The adult when issuing from the puparium seems invariably to 

 cause a fairly regular split from the cephalic tip of the puparium 

 straight back along each side to near the middle of the fourth segment 

 and then upward over the dorsum, following a line fairly well in the 

 center of the fourth segment, and often splitting entirely around the 

 center of this segment. Thus the upper half of the first three seg- 

 ments and the upper anterior half of the fourth segment of the pu- 

 parium are usually broken away by the pressure of the ptilinum, and 

 often the entire anterior portion of the puparium is broken off back 

 to the middle of the fourth segment during the emergence of the 

 adult. 



Once out of the puparium, the adult forces its way to the surface of 

 the soil or out of other confinement, with the aid of the ptilinum. 

 Before the natural coloration appears and while the chitin of the 

 body is still pliable, the adults are able to force their way through 

 incredibly small openings or cracks, through loose cotton stoppers, 

 and sometimes beneath rubber bands. Often the united efforts of a 

 few adults will force an exit in places from which single adults unaided 

 could not escape. 



