THE RED SPRUCE. 



11 



common meeting ground and approach each other so nearly in char- 

 acter of growth and appearance that it is difficult to determine at 

 what point the one entirely supersedes the other. Red spruce is 

 also found in small groves along the seacoast of southern Maine and 

 northern Massachusetts. Spruce, presumably red spruce, is to be 

 found in small parcels at between 200 and 500 feet elevation on the 

 low rolling uplands of eastern Maine, where it has taken possession 

 of old abandoned pastures. 



The upper limit of its range within the United States is at timber 

 line, although in the Northeastern States its commercial limit may 



LEGEND 



PICE A RUBENS — 



PICEA MARIANA •— 

 PICEA CANADENSIS 

 PICEA SITCHENSIS 

 PICEA ENGELMANNI- 

 PICEA PARRYANA v_ 

 PICEA BREWERIANA- 



Fig. 1. — The botanical range of spruce. 



be set at about 4,000 feet above sea level. In Maryland its minhnum 

 altitudinal range is 2,500 feet above sea level and constantly rises 

 toward the southern limits of its occurrence in northern Georgia. It 

 probably reaches its commercial upper limit between 5,000 and 6,000 

 feet in the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



FOREST TYPES. 



The old growth forests of the spruce region may be divided into 

 four main types. The names chosen here for these types are those 

 commonly used by lumbermen in describing them according to the 

 various situations on which they occur. 



