8 BULLETIN 548, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



tobacco had been raised. There were no receipts from crops and 

 diversity was low. 



FARM NO. 4. 



Size of farm acres. . 150 



Number of cows 50 



Number of other animal units 48 



Total capital $33, 081 



Working capital 11, 354 



Total receipts 12, 500 



Receipts from dairy 7, 921 



Expenses 2, 818 



Farm income 8, 062 



Labor income 6, 408 



This farm well may be classed as the best dairy farm of the ten. 

 While the receipts per cow were considerably above the average, 

 others had higher receipts per cow, but in the expenses this farm 

 showed high efficiency in the economy of labor and feed, two most 

 important factors in expenses. Operating expenses were only about 

 35 per cent of receipts, as compared with 45 per cent, the average for 

 the ten farms. The land area (150 acres) was small as compared 

 with the number of stock units kept on the farm. These number 

 about 98, or about 1.9 acres for each animal unit. Of this number of 

 animal units, 50 were dairy cows. Every part of the farm, including 

 pasture area, received frequent applications of stable manure. There 

 is practically no waste land on this farm. But a small acreage is 

 occupied by fences, buildings, and roadway. Bluegrass grows even 

 in small lots and about the buildings. The feed purchased amounted 

 to about $10 per cow. About 50 per cent of the farm area is in blue- 

 grass pasture, which in a normal season furnishes all the feed for 

 dairy stock during the summer. A considerable amount of grazing 

 also is done during the winter. Fields that are to be pastured in 

 winter are allowed to accumulate a good growth of grass in the fall. 

 About $1,000 of the total receipts represented breeding fees. Usually 

 a few acres of tobacco are raised. During the last two years (1915- 

 1916), however, hemp has been substituted for tobacco. It was esti- 

 mated that the hemp for 1916 would yield about 1,700 pounds per 

 acre, which, at 10 cents per pound (about the price of the previous 

 year), would be $170 per acre. The expense of growing an acre of 

 hemp is about the same as that of tobacco ($50 to $60, exclusive of 

 rent), and the average rent for the land is figured at $30 to $50 per 

 acre. 



This farm has been organized as a dairy farm for about 12 years 

 and has been exceptionally successful. It sets the standard for 

 quality and prices for milk in the locality and is rated among the best 

 dairy farms in the State. The operator is a graduate of an agri- 

 cultural college. He does the work of milking, bottling, and distrib- 

 uting with the help of a man and a boy. 



