6 BULLETIN" 550, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



were the first in which spraying was attempted as a primary means 

 of reducing its destructiveness. 



Gathering and burning grape leaves in the fall, to destroy the hiber- 

 nating insects, was recommended first by Walsh and Riley (1). 

 This recommendation remained in good standing until it was ques- 

 tioned by Webster (5), because he was unable to rear any moths from 

 collected leaves, and since that time it has appeared less frequently. 

 Slingerland recognized the general futility of this practice and 

 termed it "the least effective measure." 



The bagging of clusters to prevent infestation was first recommended 

 by Lintner (2) . 



Picking and destroying infested fruit was recommended by Bogue 

 (6) in a general way. Slingerland (9) recommended the picking 

 of grape berries infested by first-brood larvae and also advised the 

 destruction of the "trimmings." 



Burying the hibernating pupse by plowing was also first suggested 

 by Slingerland (9) . 



Marlatt (3) first recommended spraying, but did so doubtfully, for 

 at that time the berry moth was regarded as a general feeder. 

 Following this both Beach (4) and Bogue (6) disparaged spray- 

 ing as "of little value." Webster (5), however, observed that the 

 pest could be controlled by spraying, and Felt (7) reported, as 

 an incidental to rootworm control, that spraying had reduced the 

 berry-moth infestation 50 per cent. 



Slingerland's work, mentioned above, w T as followed by a number of 

 important contributions. Gossard and Houser (11), in Ohio, 

 recommended the addition of soap to an arsenical spray and the use 

 of "trailers" in applying it. A thorough life-history study, the first 

 upon which a satisfactory spray schedule could be based, was made 

 by Johnson and Hammar (16) and a combination of control 

 measures was recommended. Goodwin (19), in Ohio, recorded 

 satisfactory results by spraying, using 3 pounds of arsenate of lead 

 (powdered) to 50 gallons of liquid, an adhesive, and an application 

 with "trailers." His spray schedule differed from the preceding by 

 being directed largely against the second-brood larva?. 



CONTROL EXPERIMENTS AT NORTH EAST, PA. 



Experiments to establish a control for the grape-berry moth, con- 

 ducted at North East, Pa., were carried on in vineyards on a com- 

 mercial scale whenever possible. Vineyards chosen for experimental 

 work were those which had been infested heavily the previous season 

 and as far as possible those in which the infestation had been dis- 

 tributed rather evenly. 



To determine the degree of success of the different methods tried 

 in vineyards, whenever it was feasible, counts were made of the sound 



