Table lfi. — CooHng conditions employed in the soda process of wood-pulp manufacture. 





Practice followed. 



Digester. 



Quantity of chemicals charged. 



Quantity of cooking 

 liquor charged. 



Cooking liquors at start of cook. 



Cooking 

 pressure 



per 

 square 

 inch. 



Cooking 

 tempera- 

 ture. 



Durations of cooking. 



Blowing 

 pressure 

 per square 





No. 



Kind. 



Size. 



Wood 



capacity. 



Manner of heating. 



Actual caustic 

 soda(NaOH). 



Total soda 

 expressed as 

 carbonate. 



Per cook. 



Per cord. 



Density. 



Concentration of 

 NaOH. 



Caus- 

 ticity. 



Total. 



From start 

 tillcooking 

 pressure is 

 reached. 



At 

 cooking 

 pressure. 



Authority.* 





Baume\ 



Twaddle 



Specific gravity. 











Feet. 











Gallons. 



Gallons. 





18° 



(■) 



■ 1.09 

 (') 





Per cent. 



Pounds. 



00 



90 



1SO-200 



ISO 



150-180 



65 or 



110 



90-110 



90-110 

 100-120 



100-110 



°F. 



Hours. 



Hours. 



Hours. 



Pounds. 











:::::::. ::i:::::::::: 













(?) 













10-12 



0.5 or less. 











Cylindrical, 

 vertical. 



stationary, 













60 per 

 cwt. dry 

 wood. 













Not blown. 























10° 



1 1.03 













Houghton; Grininand Little, 

 1891. 





Euro ractico(1870) 









336 lbs. per ton 

 green wood. 















360-375 















Cylindrical, 

 vertical. 



stationary, 



10 by 5 

 27 by 7 



1 cord... 

 4.3cords. 



Direct fire or steam 



jacket. 

 Live steam 











■ 18° 



116° 

 U2-21" 



'10° 

 1 18-22° 



( s ) 



1 1.09 



11.08 

 3 1. 00-1. 12 



■ 1.08 

 1 1.09-1.11 



(') 









 '93-W 

 ■ 8-10 







05 or more. 

 ■15 













- 3,400 



>705 











25-3 



7 



Congdon, 1880; Watt, 1907. 













<8-15°at60°F.. 

 1,11° for poplar.. 

 12-14° at 60° F. 



( s ) 





\ 















Cylindrical, 

 vertical. 



stationary, 







Jacket, coils, or 



direct fire. 









More 



than 71)0. 

 700 

























8-10 

 0-10 



(*) 

































Cylindrical, 

 vertical. 



stationary, 



27 by 7 



4.5 cords. 



Live steam 



■l50(?)-920 1bs. per 

 cord. 1 



G35(?) t'i l.:*201hs. 

 per cord. 1 



4,000- 

 5,000 



'900- 

 1,100 



10-15° at 60" F. 

 (?) 



■ 11-21° 

 ( ! ) 



1 1.07-1.12 

 ( 5 ) 



5-10 percent J 



02-91 





■8i-13 



2J-3 

 (•) 



75 











Technology, 1902. 

 Clapperton. 1907. 

















800-950. lbs. per 

 cord. 





























12-20 per cent of 

 weight of wood. 









15-22° 



i 140 



■18° 



■ 18-22° 



1 15-22° 



1 1.07-1.11 



1 1.07 



U.09 



1 1.00-1.11 



il.07-l.ll 







130-160 



132-147 

 88-118 

 73-1 17 

 73-1 70 

 70-80 

 100-130 

 100-150 



125 



360 



•6 



>6 

 '5-6 

 •5-6 

 8-9 















1 













































































































stationary or 









Live steam 





















































338-355 









Ik'vcridgo, 1911. 

























20° 



1 1.10 











0-8 



1-2 













8.5 cu. 



meters 



(=-sni)cu. 



ft.)' Of 



chips. 





637 kilos (=1,400 

 lbs.) 1 Na 3 for 

 charge. 





6,000 



liters 

 (=1,321 

 galls.)i 











353 









1911. 



































1 Calculated from other data given. 

 •* Strong solution of caustic soda. 



<■ In add if ion in the lotal lime of coo kin 'j Congdon reports: 

 — : t total dunfion or 



1 blowing, 45-00 minutes; total period for a cook, 11— 11 J hours. 



31001°— Bull. SO— 14. (To face page 58.) 



