FLUMES AND FLUMING. 21 



character at the head of a flume as a banking ground in the winter or 

 a place to land and hold the material to be transported by the flume in 

 the spring during the time when the cold weather and ice prevent the 

 flume's use. 



When a pond is being used for this purpose, if there is more than one 

 kind of material being put on the pond, it is usually advisable to place 

 substantial booms on the ice between the different classes, so as to 

 keep them from getting mixed when the ice in the pond thaws out, and 

 further to enable the different classes of material to be shipped accord- 

 ing to the desires of the operator or the needs of the manufacturing 

 plant, if there be one located at the lower end of the flume. If the 

 depth of the pond is sufficient, it is usually more economical to get 

 material into a flume from where it is landed on the pond, which 

 requires only the separating or "breaking down" of the different piles 

 or skidways, than it is to get material into the flume when piled along- 

 side. In the latter case some of it will usually be at a distance from 

 the flume, thus necessitating either its being loaded onto a dray or 

 carried by hand and dumped in. It is much more economical to float 

 the material into the flume from a reservoir when this is feasible. 



Probably the most noteworthy example in the United States of 

 the construction of a storage dam and flume combined is the Azis- 

 cohos Dam, on the Magalloway River in Maine. A particularly in- 

 teresting feature of this construction is an "adjustable intake" to 

 the V-shaped flume, which is so arranged that it can be quickly 

 raised or lowered to suit the varying heights of water in the storage 

 reservoir above the dam. The adjustable flume intake has a range 

 of 25 feet. This flume, which is a wooden V-shaped one built on 

 a large scale, carries the logs from the storage reservoir above the 

 dam down past the rapids below the dam on the Magalloway River 

 to the still water, where they are released from the flume into the 

 river to be floated on down to their destination at the mills on the 

 Androscoggin River. Only enough water to bring the river up to 

 the required driving "pitch," ha addition to that which passes through 

 the flume, is released through the "sluice gates." 



In July, 1913, this flume was handling logs from 12 to 60 feet in 

 length at the rate of approximately 1,000,000 board feet in 10 hours, 

 with the adjustable intake working satisfactorily at a point 15 feet 

 below the maximum water height. The principle of this construc- 

 tion is applicable to public or private irrigation projects, or wher- 

 ever it is found necessary to take logs or timbers from a high reser- 

 voir dam, having greatly varying heights of water at different sea- 

 sons of the year, to some more convenient place for manufacture or 

 further transportation, using only the minimum amount of water 

 necessary to get the material to such point. 



