72 BULLETIN" 98, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



tanks consists of two tanks having a radiating surface of 226 square 

 feet and a volume of 77.25 cubic feet. The screened portion above 

 the tanks has a volume of 9.42 cubic feet, making a total capacity of 

 86.67 cubic feet, or a total of 3,814 pounds crushed ice, weighing 44 

 pounds per cubic foot. The ratio of tank radiating surface to loading 

 volume is 1 square foot to 7.48 cubic feet, and the ratio of ice to milk 

 is 2 pounds of ice to 1 gallon of milk. The tanks have a 2-inch 

 free-air space around them and are 15 inches above the floor. They 

 are separated from the storage rooms by a partition open at top and 

 bottom and screened, thus creating a circulation. Any moisture 

 from tanks is carried off from drip pan through drain pipes and traps. 

 The tanks are connected by l|-inch pipe, creating to some extent a 

 circulation. This pipe also regulates the brine to a uniform height 

 in both tanks, the height of the pipe above the bottom of the tank 

 being so arranged that a certain amount of brine remains. A riser 

 connection to the pipe forms an overflow. 



When refining the tanks, the valve in the pipe connecting the 

 tanks is opened and all water or brine above the horizontal pipe is 

 drained off. Before refilling the tanks with crushed ice and salt the 

 valve is again closed, causing the warm water to rise to a height 

 equal to the top of the pipe. Any surplus water runs off through 

 overflow pipe and outside trap without egress of air. The valve is 

 manipulated by a rod and universal joints from the roof of the car 

 by removing the plug door. 



When it is necessary to clean the tanks, the round plugs at the bot- 

 tom are unscrewed about one-fourth inch, when they will release the 

 brine, and after it has drained off the plug can be entirely unscrewed 

 and the settlings removed. 



In order that the car can be kept in a sanitary condition the floor 

 is covered with galvanized sheet iron, all crevices being soldered, 

 and after each trip or shipment of milk the floors are scrubbed. 



It is practicable with this type of car to maintain a temperature 

 of about 35° or 40° F. The milk must be precooled, however, to 

 about this temperature before it is placed in the car, as the refrigerat- 

 ing apparatus is not intended to receive warm milk from the shipper 

 and reduce its temperature to any great extent during transit. A 

 longitudinal section of this car is shown in figure 34 (p. 73). 



COOLING MILK AT RECEIVING STATIONS. 



Receiving stations as applied to the milk industry are established 

 for the purpose of receiving, cooling, and handling milk preparatory 

 to shipping. They are located at suitable points along the railroads 

 in dairy sections. The milk is brought to the receiving station by the 

 f armers, usually twice a day during the summer montlis, early in the 



