282 MORROW — NOTES ON THE CARIBOO. 



his remarks until the means of ascertaining whether such a sac 

 exists in the Barren Ground Cariboo were beyond my reach." 



This account of cist and sac for the last four or five years has 

 occasioned me much thought ; having several times looked for the 

 cist without success, but always forgetting the sac, and not being 

 able to obtain any information on these points, it occurred to me 

 last Fall that the only way left was to look for a Cariboo, and 

 examine it myself, and the result of this examination, and dissec- 

 tions of others, male and female, made since, I will now place before 

 you. But first, it is necessary that Camper's description and draw- 

 ing of the " membranous sac" from a Reindeer " four years old" 

 should be placed before you. 



Camper says* : — "As I did not yet know the Reindeer, and 

 as the inaccurate dissection which Stenon had made of it in 1672, 

 and of which Valentyn gives an account, did not furnish me with 

 much information, I was obliged to proceed to the examination 

 (date, June, 1771) with great caution. I had often observed with 

 astonishment, in the bucks, that when these animals swallowed, all 

 the larynx rose and fell in a peculiar manner, and seemed to indi- 

 cate something singular in this part. I then removed with much 

 care the skin of the neck, uncertain of what I might find there. 



" The muscles having been raised in the same way upon the sides, 

 as I have represented them, I found a membranous sac, of which 

 the origin was placed between the os hyoides and the ' thyroid 

 cartilage.' 



" Then I discovered two muscles which take their origin from the 

 lower part of the ' os hyoides' exactly where the base of the ' os 

 graniform' and the cornua meet. These muscles were flat and thin 

 at their beginning, but they widened in descending towards their 

 junction with the sac, and certainly serve to raise and support it, 

 as well as to expel the air at the will of the animal. 



" After I had opened the tesophagus from behind, I found under 

 the base of the epiglottis a large orifice which admitted my finger 

 very easily. This orifice spread and formed a membranons canal 



* Vol. I, Chapter VI, page 338, Paris 1803, where reference is made by letters to a 

 plate. 



