BONES OF LOPHIUS PISCATORITJS — MORROW. 343 



18. The maxillaries have upon their superior extremities some- 

 what lengthy depressed processes for their attachment to the 

 intermaxillaries, so that their superior surfaces lie beneath the 

 inferior surfaces of the processes of the intermaxillaries, and they 

 also articulate with the vomer. That they may form their con- 

 nection with the articularies they are twisted at one-third of 

 their length from the extremities of the processes already men j 

 tioned, so that their inferior are nearly at right-angles to their 

 superior terminations. These bones gradually increase in breadth 

 from their superior until a short distance from their inferior ex- 

 tremities, when they taper to a point. 



19. The Lophius has no suborbital ring. 



20. The turbinal bones (nasal — Owen) are strong and firm, 

 having the same structure as the premaxillaries ; their anterior 

 extremities articulating with the posterior superior extremities 

 of the premaxillaries ; at this point in the living fish they are 

 capable of considerable lateral motion, and they are attached to 

 the premaxillaries by flat terminations in a line perpendicular to 

 the axis of the fish ; at about one-third of their length from their 

 anterior extremities they each assume an irregular triangular 

 form, and gradually taper to a point ; at their centres they are 

 sustained by the prefrontals, and between them lies the peculiar 

 spine which supports the first and second rays of the first dor- 

 sal fin. 



22. The palatine bones articulate between the maxillaries and 

 the prefrontals, close to the toothed arms of the vomer, and on 

 these bones the teeth, of which there are four to six long, and 

 about six short (these latter generally increasing in size as 

 they tend towards their inferior extremities), lie nearly in a line 

 with those on the vomer. On the superior extremity of these 

 bones are two of the so-called spines, which, as they rise above 

 the maxillaries, are generally enumerated in descriptions of the 

 outside of the fish. The inferior extremities of these bones are 

 attached to the inferior edges of the pterygoids. 



23. The hyomandibulars have very broad double surfaces for 

 their articulation with their bases, and are very much enlarged 

 at their upper posterior edges. An examination of these bones 



