MS BONES OF LOPHIUS PISCATOEIUS — MORROW. 



56. The lower pharyngeals are flat, and have at their poste- 

 rior extremities a somewhat spatulate shape, gradually tapering 

 to their anterior extremities, from which points to about one-half 

 of their length they are strengthened by lateral ridges ; on their 

 outer and inner edges it may be said there are two rows of teeth 

 occupying the anterior two-thirds of their length, the posterior 

 third is for the attachment of the muscles, and between the rows 

 of teeth the bones are somewhat rough. 



57. The hypobranchials are not represented in the Lophius 

 as in the Cod by three bones, but the inferior (anterior) extre- 

 mities of the ceratobranchials of the three first branchial arches 

 are prolonged curving inwards and posteriorly, and tapering to 

 points they rest in, and are supported by the fibrous tissue of the 

 floor of the mouth. 



58. Ceratobranchials — the first three pairs of these bones are 

 thin and delicate and there is a comparatively wide space be- 

 tween their inferior extremities ; the fourth pair are longer than 

 the others, but their inferior (anterior) extremities are slight and 

 a short distance apart, but tied together by tough fibrous tissue 

 which also serves to support the inferior extremities of the lower 

 pharyngeals. 



61. The epibranchials— the first pair in the Lophius are 

 only short representatives of these bones and they do not rise to 

 the support of the upper pharyngeals, but are attached to the 

 ceratobranchials of the first arch in the usual manner, and to the 

 epibranchials of the second arch, of which they are about one- 

 third the length, their superior extremities fitting into a groove 

 in the epibranchial to which they are also attached by liga- 

 ment. At about their centres they throw out anteriorly, processes, 

 which are slightly curved inferiorly, for their attachment to the 

 muscles which govern the branchial arches. The second pair of 

 epibranchials are long and slender bones having expansions for 

 the junction of the first pair, and at each extremity for their 

 attachments inferiorly to their ceratobranchials, and superiorly 

 to the anterior division of the upper pharyngeals, immediately 

 beneath the process for the muscular attachment of this division. 

 The third pair of epibranchials taper slightly from their junc- 



