TEREDO NAVALIS IN NOVA SCOTIA — MURPHY. 371 



At Nieuwendam in March, 1859, three pieces each of oak, 

 pine, and red fir, all creosoted at Amsterdam, were exposed in 

 the sea. They were examined in September of the same year. 

 They had been fastened together by cross pieces of unprepared 

 wood ; it was found that the tei^edo had penetrated, at the junc- 

 ture of these cross pieces, even into the creosoted wood, and that 

 sometimes he stopped immediately beneath the surface ; at 

 others he penetrated to a depth of several millimetres ; in the 

 oak, he worked his way into the interior through those parts of 

 the surface which were not in contact with the unprepared wood. 



Experiments with creosote oil were recommended in July, 

 1860, with ten pieces each of oak and red fir, following the plan 

 indicated in paragraph 5 ; the localities chosen were Kieuwe- 

 Diep and Stavoren ; in the latter place the pieces which remained 

 intact the previous year were again placed in the water after 

 their surface had been removed by the adze. Still later in 

 August, 1861, a further trial was made at these same places, 

 with pieces of pine, beech and poplar, sent to the Commission by 

 Mr. Boulton, and prepared at his works in London. All these 

 pieces were examined toward autumn in 1862, 1863 and 1864 ; 

 while the unprepared pieces, placed near the others as counter- 

 proof, were found each year filled with teredos, one could not 

 discover any traces of the teredo in the creosoted pieces except 

 in the oak creosoted at Amsterdam ; in cutting these it was 

 found that the creosote had penetrated them very imperfectly, 

 A third examination in 1864, showed that all the pieces prepared 

 by Mr. Boulton, and which had been exposed in the sea since 

 August, 1861, were entirely intact ; the most careful examination 

 could not show the slightest trace of the worm, even in the pieces 

 withdrawn from the water in 1862 and 1863, and each time 

 scraped to a depth of several millimetres and again placed in the 

 water. They resisted the attacks of the teredo perfectly. 



Conclusions. By way of recapitulation, the result of the ex- 

 periments, tried by the Commission during six consecutive years, 

 were as follows : 



1. The different coatings applied to the surface of wood, with 

 the design of covering it with an envelope on which the young 



