LUPUSES AS POISOlSrOUS PLANTS. 13 



3. No ictrogen was found in any of the six specimens. 



4. The toxic constituents are alkaloidal and seem to agree with 

 those of the European species. 



5. These alkaloids produce a stimulation and then a paralysis of the 

 following structures: The respiratory and vasomotor centers, some 

 convulsive centers, the vagus end mechanism, and perhaps the 

 vagus center. Large doses given intravenously paralyze the heart 

 muscle. The convulsions do not appear to be purely asphyxial. 



6. Pronounced symptoms are seen only when almost fatal doses 

 are given; smaller amounts do not produce any conspicuous effects. 

 When death does not occur acutely, there are no late effects. Re- 

 peated administration has no influence on the action. 



7. The cause of death is paralysis of respiration. Death occurs, 

 with hypodermic administration, in 12 minutes to 2| hours; when 

 given by stomach, in 10 minutes to 3 J hours. The symptoms set in 

 only shortly before death. 



8. The fatal doses for rabbits by the stomach, figured for the 

 original drugs, are as follows: For the seed of Lwpinus sericeus and 

 L. leiicophyllus, between 30 and 50 grams per kg. ; for the seed of L. 

 cyaneus, between 70 and 100 grams per kg.; for the hulls of L. cya- 

 neus, and L. sericeus, over 100 grams per kg. 



9. The fatal dose of the crude alkaloid for rabbits, gastric admin- 

 istration, lies between 1.2 and 2.4 grams per kg.; for rabbits, hypo- 

 dermic administration, between 0.123 and 0.246 gram per kg.; for 

 guinea pigs, hypodermic administration, between 0.062 and 0.1 gram 

 per kg.; for dogs, intravenous administration, about 0.012 gram 

 per kg. 



10. The fatal dose for rabbits is between 5 and 10 times as large 

 when the alkaloids are given by the stomach as when given intrave- 

 nously. Guinea pigs are more susceptible to the alkaloids than 

 rabbits when the solutions are administered hypodermically. 



11. In the treatment of the poisoning, artificial respiration was 

 found useless. Good results were obtained with potassium perman- 

 ganate, diuretin, and tea. 



FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH LUPINES. 



Field experiments with domestic animals have been carried on for 

 six years — in 1909, 1910, and 1911 at Mount Carbon, Colo., and in 

 1912, 1913, and 1914 at Greycliff, Mont. Two species, Lwpinus 

 comatus and L. rayrlantJtus, were used at the Mount Carbon station. 

 At Greycliff most of the work was done with two local species, L. 

 leucopsis and L. argenteus, but two feedings were made with L. 

 leucophyUus collected in Idaho in tlui Caribou National Forest. Not 

 only wore different species used, but fernlings were made of difToront 

 parts of 1h(5 plants and also with the plants at different stages of 

 growth. 



