LUPINES AS POISONOUS PLANTS. 21 



EXPERIMENTS WITH SHEEP. 



In the experimental work with sheep the attempt was made to 

 have the animals, if possible, eat the plant. In experiments with 

 seeds it was found that the extremely bitter taste led the sheep to 

 avoid them, but when they were ground up and mixed with bran 

 the material was eaten quite readily. When it was found difficult, in 

 the case of corral animals, to get them to eat enough to produce 

 any effect, drenchmg and forced feeding were used. In drenching, 

 the sheep was placed on its haunches and the drench, which con- 

 sisted of the plant material finely ground and suspended in water, was 

 given by a bottle. For the forced feeding the material was ground 

 and given by means of a veterinarian's balling gun. The plant mate- 

 rial fed in this manner was placed a little at a time in the back part of 

 the sheep's mouth. As soon as this was swallowed liiore was given, 

 and the process contmued until the desired quantity had been given 

 to the animal. 



TYPICAL CASE OF SHEEP NO. 184. 



Sheep No. 184, a 2-year-old ewe weighing 62.5 pornids, was taken 

 into the corrals on August 16, 1913, for feeding. On August 17, at 

 8.45 p. m., she was given 200 grams of unground seed of Lupinus 

 leucopsis, mixed with oats, corn, and wheat, which was equivalent to 

 0.705 poimd per 100 pounds of animal. During the day this was all 

 eaten. 



On August 18, at 6.55 a. m., the sheep was found lying partly on 

 one side with her head on the ground, as though in sleep, and trem- 

 bhng in the forelegs. When stimulated she attempted to get up, 

 but was unable to raise her body from the ground. Through the 

 struggle the respiration became more marked and heavy, the animal 

 breathing much as though in a deep sleep. After the struggle the 

 pulse was 174 and fairly strong. At 7.10 a. m. the respiration was 36 

 and the temperature 101° F. Plate I, figure 1, shows the condition 

 of the animal as she appeared at 7,15 a. m. At 8 a. m, she lay with 

 her head extended on the ground, in much the same position as at 

 7.15. She raised her head for a few moments, then slowly dropped it 

 with eyes haK closed, as if in sleep. At 8.05 a. m. she held her head 

 up, and apparently made an effort to walk. Her respiration was 36 

 per minute, noisy, and deep. Her sides trembled as she breathed. 

 The pulse was 122. At 8.50 a. m. she got upon her feet and stood sev- 

 eral minutes, then leaned against the fence and sank down again. At 

 8.55 a. m. she stood with hcsr legs bent at the knees as though in an 

 effort to balanrx) herself. Her respiration was 36 and of the same 

 character as before. There was some frothing at the mouth. Her 

 oars hung low. Plato I, figure 2, shows the attitude of the animal at 

 8.57. At 10.30 a. m. she lay breathing as before and tr(un})litig. 

 Her temperature was 103.3° F. At 10.35 a. m. she was raised upon 



