LUPIIv^ES AS POISONOUS PLANTS. 



27 



that the leaves are toxic. Inasmuch as the field experiments upon 

 sheep were inconclusive in regard to the toxicity of the leaves, this 

 is an important addition to the knowledge of the subject. 



The field experiments gave little information as to the relative 

 toxicity of the different species of lupines. There was nothing to 

 indicate any difference in the toxic effect of those used in the feeding 

 experiments. Accordingly, a few experiments were made on mice with 

 extracts of the seed of the available species. Seeds of three x\meri- 

 can species were used, and through the kindness of Mr. Piper, of the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, seeds were obtained of the 

 three common European species, Lwpinus alhus, L. angustifolius, and 

 L. luteus. Extracts of these lupines were prepared by Mr. Black, using 

 exactly the same method as that employed in the preceding test of 

 the seeds of L. leucopsis. A series of tests was made on mice by 

 intraperitoneal injection of these extracts. Table 3 shows the re- 

 sults. In this table, for purposes of comparison, the experiments 

 with seeds in Table 1 are included. 



Table 3. — Comparative toxicity to mice of the seed of different species cf lupines. 



Plant. 



Animal. 



Amount used. 



Used per 25 grams 

 of animal. 



Result. 





Mouse. 



Weight. 



Extract. 



Plant. 



Extract. 



Plant. 





Lupinus leucopsis: 



No. 39. 



No. 40- 

 No.41. 

 No. 42. 

 No. 49. 

 No. 49. 

 No. .50. 

 No. 51. 

 No. .52. 

 No. 53. 



No. .54. 



No. 56. 

 No. 57. 



No. .58. 

 No. 59. 

 No.6fJ. 



Grams. 

 24 

 19 



22.5 

 21 

 18.5 



C.c. 

 0.20 

 .15 

 .20 

 .25 

 .15 

 .5 

 .25 

 .5 

 .2 

 .25 



.16 



.26 

 .16 



.25 

 .15 

 .75 



Grams. 

 0.24 

 .18 

 .24 

 .3 

 .18 

 .6 

 .3 

 .6 

 .24 

 .3 



.18 



.3 



.18 



.3 



.18 

 .09 



C.c. 



Grams. 

 0.25 

 .237 

 .266 

 .357 

 .25 

 .8 

 .36 

 .65 

 .25 

 .3 



.17 



.335 

 .2075 



.35 



.168 

 .1185 





Do 





Sick; recovery. 

 Not sick. 



1913 seed 





Do 







Lupinus luteus 



Do 



0.2 

 .7 

 .3 

 .54 

 .21 

 .26 



.14 



None. 



Sick; recovery. 

 Symptoms. 

 Death in 3 minutes. 

 Death in 13 minutes. 



Do 



21 

 23 

 23.5 

 24 



27 



22.5 

 21.5 



21.5 



26.75 



19 



Lupinus albus 



Do 



Lupinus angusti- 

 folius. 

 Do 



Death in 19 minutes. 

 Symptoms. 



Dfinth in fil minutes 



Lupinus leucophyl- 

 lus: 

 1913 seed 



Do 





Symptoms. 



Death in 4 minutes. 



Lupinus argenteus: 

 1913 seed 





Do. - . 





Death in 6 minutes. 



Do 





Symptoms. 









In regard to mouse No. 49, it should be stated that inasmuch as the 

 first injection of 0.15 c.c. of extract produced no results, a second in- 

 jection of 0.5 c.c. was given shortly afterward. From the known facts 

 in regard to lupine poisoning it is not to be presumed that there was 

 any appreciable accumulative effect from the preceding injection. 

 Table 3 shows very clearly that by this method of experimentation 

 Lujjinus alhus and L. angustifoUuf; appear to be about equally toxic. 

 L. luteus J however, is much less toxic, it being necessary to take prob- 

 ably three or four times the quantity in order to produce results. It 



