36 BULLETIN 405;, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



comparable with the '^ctrogenic" poisoning reported in Germany, 

 especially noticeable being the atrophy of the liver accompanied by 

 a yeUowmg of the connective tissues. 



While some American authors have distinguished between "acute" 

 and ''chronic" lupine poisoning, their statements appear to have 

 been drawn from European sources, and Dr. KJnowles has apparently 

 been the first to note and record definitely cases which can be diag- 

 nosed as instances of "lupinosis" or ictrogenic poisoning. The clear- 

 cut evidence presented by Dr. Kiowles seems conclusive and makes 

 it probable that other similar cases will be found, although it does 

 not seem likely that lupine causes large losses of horses in the ag- 

 gregate. 



PATHOLOGY. 



Some typical pathological material from the autopsies was exam- 

 ined by Dr. Formad, of the Bureau of Animal Industry. A large 

 amount of material remains for examination, which may be made 

 the subject of a future report. The general character of the pre- 

 liminary report was confirmatory of the results of the macroscopic 

 examination of the cases. 



There was fullness and congestion of the pulmonary capillaries. 



The hepatic cells showed the presence of a mild degree of cloudy 

 swelling and some oedema. 



The kidneys showed a slight degree of cloudy swelling of the 

 epithelium, and in some cases fullness between the convoluted 

 tubules of the cortex and overdistension of the capillaries of the 

 medulla accompanied in places by outwandering of the leucocytes 

 and diapedesis of the red-blood corpuscles, indicating a marked 

 congestion. 



COMPARISON OF "LUPINOSIS" AND POISONING OF SHEEP BY 

 AMERICAN LUPINES. 



The symptoms of lupinosis are described in detail by a number of 

 European authors, e. g., Ziim (1879), Arnold and Schneidemiihl 

 (1883), Roloff (1883). Summaries are given by Dammann (1902, p. 

 340-341) and Hutyra and Marek (1913, p. 524-525). 



The characteristic symptoms are : 



(a) Loss of appetite. 



(b) Fever in, the first stages of the disease. 



(c) Weakness. 



(d) Cerebral excitement; thrusting the head against a wall and into corners. 



(e) Gnashing of teeth. 



(/) Pain in hind part of body. 

 (g) Diarrhea; ill-smelling excrement. 

 (h) Sometimes bloody urine, containing bile and albumen. 



(i) Yellowing of conjunctiva and visible parts of mucous membranes in most cases, 

 but not in all. 



0) In some cases swelling of ears, eyelids, lips, and nose. 



