4 BULLETIN 408^ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 1. — Destruction of fly larvse in horse manure — Results with poisonous plant 



materials. 



[Cage experiments, Bethesda, Md., 1915.] 







' 



Treatment of 8 

 bushels of manure, 





Apparent 

 larvicidal 

 effect (per 

 cent of 

 control 

 average). 



Flies emerged 

 from control 



No. 



Material used. 



Form used. 



using 10 gallons 



of infusion 

 (amount of plant 



Flies 

 emerged 

 (number). 



cages 



















material used per 





Num- 



Aver- 









10 gallons). 





ber. 





age. 



1 



Asclepias {Ascle-pias 



Powdered root 



fA, 1 poimd 



\B, 1 pound 



338 



54 



385 





733 





tuberosa). 





431 



42 



1,345 



•^ 



Berberis (JBerberis 

 aquifoUum). 



do 



fA, 1 pound 



(B, 1 pound 



207 



60 



982 











40 



92 



35 



508 



3 



Bitter-sweet {Solanum 



Powdered entire 



(A, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



378 



26 



982 





508 





dulcamara). 



platit. 



92 



82 



35 



4 



Black lieUebore {Hel- 



Powdered root 



/A, § pound 



\B,| pound 







100 



385 





733 





lebOTUs niger). 





583 



21 



1,345 



5 



Black locust (JRobinia 



Powdered bark . . . 



/A, 1 pound 



\B, J pound 



827 



50 



1,164 





1 639 





psevdacacia). 





1,009 



39 



2,114 











A, 4 pounds 



2,317 







1,141 













B, 2 pounds 



2,433 







■2, 161 





1,488 



6 



Castor bean {Ricinus 



Ground cake 



■^C, 1 pound 



2,726 







1,164 









communis). 





D, 1 pound 



587 







982 





508 









E, 1 pound 



198 



62 



35 





7 



Ciachona ( Cinchona 



Powdered bark.. . 



/A, 1 pound 



IB, 1 pound 



23 



97 



385 





733 





succirubra). 





187 



75 



1,345 



8 



Hellebore ( Veratrum 



Powdered root 



/A, ^ pound 1 



\B, Ipoundi 



116 



92 



1,075 





1,474 





viride). 





53 



97 



1,872 









(A, 1 poimd 



976 



41 



1,164 







9 



Hemlock, poison (Co- 



Powdered fruit 



■^B, Jpound 



1,828 











1,639 





nium. maculatum). 





[C, J pound 



1,492 



9 



2,ii4 







10 



Jaborandi (Pilocarpus 



Powdered leaves . . 



/A, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



305 



59 



385 



f 



733 





jaborandi). 





604 



18 



1,345 









A, 4 pounds 



1,045 



30 









11 



Jamaica dogwood (Pis- 

 ddia erythrina). 



Powdered bark of 

 roots. 



B, 2 pounds 



<C, 2 pounds 



A, 1.35 pounds.. 



797 

 672 

 573 



46 

 55 

 65 



1,075 

 1,872 

 1,164 



( 



1,474 

 1 639 









B, 0. 67 pound. . . 



716 



57 



2,114 





12 



Larkspur (DelpMnium 



Ground seeds 



/A, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



284 



81 



1,075 



1 



1 474 





sp.). 





418 



72 



1,872 











A, 1 pound 



3,553 









} 





13 



Laurel (Kalmia lati- 



Dried leaves 



•^B, § pound 



2,423 







1 2 114 



1,639 





folia). 





C,i pound 



A, 4 pounds 



1,583 



44 







97 



1,141 







14 



Quassia (Picrasma ex- 



Powdered chips. . . 



■^B, 2pounds 



2,501 







2,161 



[• 



1,488 





celsa). 





C, 1 pound 



A, 2J pounds 



727 

 2,282 



52 

 



1,164 

 1,141 







15 



Soapweed (Agave le- 



Macerated roots . . . 



-^B, 15 pounds 



1,308 



12 



2,161 



> 



1,488 





cheguilla). 





C, f pound 



1,123 



25 



1,114 



^ 





1 Applied dry, 10 gallons water added. 



Table 2. — Destruction of fly larvse in horse manure — Results with poisonous plant 



materials. 

 [Open-pile experiments, Bethesda, Md., 1915.] 



i."NO. 



Material used. 



Form used. 



Treatment of 4 bushels 

 manure, using 5 gal- 

 lons iafusion(amount 

 of plant material 

 used per 5 gallons). 



FUes 

 emerged 

 (num- 

 ber). 



Apparent 

 larvici- 

 dal efEect 

 (per cent 

 of con- 

 trol aver- 

 age).- 



Flies emerged 



from control 



cages. 





Num- 

 ber. 



Aver- 

 age. 



1 



Absinthe (Arte- 

 misia absinth- 

 ium). 



Anthemis (Artthe- 

 mis Twbilis). 



Hellebore ( Vera- 

 trum viride). 



Poke root (Phyto- 

 lacca decandra). 



Powdered leaves.. 



Powdered flower- 

 ing heads. 



Powdered roots... 



do 



f A, i pnnnd 



450 

 683 



331 

 653 

 353 

 636 

 241 

 96 

 1,873 

 710 





 



3.0 







93.0 



87.0 



51.0 



80.5 











391 



293 



391 



293 

 7,192 

 2,391 

 528 

 456 

 528 

 456 



1 342 





\T{j i poilTirl 



9 





} 342 





\B, i pound 





f A^ i pound 



} 4,791 



3 



Ib^ 1 pound 







1 492 





iDj'jpound' 



4 



/ A J i pniinri 



1 492 







\ B^ 1 pound '. 









1 Applied dry, 5 gallons water added. 



