24 



BULLETIX 414, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



carried on by the counties of the southern States is a mistake. In 

 the interest of economy it would be better were all this work done by 

 free labor and the use of convicts confined to heavier construction 

 and grading. But if convicts are to be used at all on such work 

 they should, without doubt, be honor men, who may be organized 

 into a fairly mobile force. 



Table 5. — Showing comparative mileage and cost of various types of road constructed 

 in Virginia by convicts and by free labor. 



[Based on 12-foot wldtb of surface.] 



MACADAM ROAD. 





By convict labor. 



By free labor. 



Year. 



Mies. 



Total cost. 



Cost per 

 mile. 



Miles. 



Total cost. 



Cost per 

 mile. 



1909 



45.41 

 53.52 

 56.77 

 48.27 

 91.11 

 69.46 

 76.48 



S203, 662. 85 

 2.33,314.57 

 19.5,671.52 

 218, 589. 38 

 368,570.96 

 286,65.5.65 

 303, 110. 76 



S4, 484. 98 

 4,359.39 

 3, 446. 74 

 4,528.47 

 4, 045. 34 

 4, 126. 92 

 3, 963. 27 



18.26 

 81.25 

 67.90 

 95. 57 

 85.87 

 81.13 

 82.83 



S89,050.78 

 401, 905. 83 

 336,369.88 

 551, 475. 04 

 484, 343. 59 

 372, 743. 46 

 376, 761. 99 



.S4, 876. 82 



1910 



4, 946. 53 



1911. 



4, 953. 90 



1912 



5, 770. 38 

 5, 640. 42 

 4, 594. 40 



1913 



1914 



1915 



4,494.36 





Total average 



441. 02 



1,809,575.69 



4,103.16 



512. 81 2. 612. a50. 57 



5,094.77 











GRADIXG. 



19U 



1912 



1913 : . - . - 



1914 



1915 - 



Total average 



1.60 



24.34 



3.73 



3.32 



38.09 



71.08 



S3, 043. 30 

 29, 946. 12 

 4, 711. 97 

 3, 185. 82 

 69,639.04 



?1, 902. 06 

 1, 230. 33 

 1, 263. 26 

 959.58 

 1,828.28 



110,526.25 



1,554.95 



71.2-5 

 190.23 



94.43 

 141.39 

 173. 2P 



670. 50 



■$169, 577. 77 

 618, 885. 49 

 178, 547. 12 

 222, 454. 73 

 291, 379. 22 



1,480,844.33 



82,380.04 

 3, 253. 35 

 1, 890. 79 

 1, .573. 34 

 1, 682. 33 



2,208.57 



GRAVEL ROAD. 



1909 



1910 



1911 



1912 - 



1913 



1914 



1915. 



Total average 



25.20 

 32.50 

 25.69 

 7.89 

 55.05 

 45.51 

 22.60 



214. 44 



$32,289.37 

 39, 433. 40 

 29,4.54.37 

 11,708.11 

 67, 556. 69 

 74,659.92 

 41,419.38 



$1,281.32 

 I 1,213.33 

 1,146. .53 

 1,483.92 

 I 1,227.19 

 1,640.51 

 1,832.71 



296,-521.24 1,382.77 



8.86 



Sll,539.82 



49.94 



61, 066. 18 



66.68 



85,098.10 



59.74 



75,475.23 



64.13 



80,780.97 



71.85 



128,801.69 



103. 96 



221,083.36 



425. 16 



663,845.35 



81,302.46 

 1,222.78 

 1, 276. 22 

 1, 263. 40 



1. 259. 64 



1. 792. 65 

 2, 126. 62 



1,561.40 



SAND-CLAY AND SOIL ROAD. 



1909 



1910 



1911 



1912 



1913 



1914 



1915 



Total average 



16.91 

 24.96 

 39.92 

 90.21 

 101. 44 

 218. 90 

 174.33 



666. 67 



$5,251.48 



$310.55 



49.57 



17, 613. 08 



705.65 



111.01 



28,080.65 



703. 42 



174.97 



53, 811. 71 



596. 51 



195. 37 



69,314.40 



683. 30 



345. 60 



148,161.87 



676. 85 



479. .34 



153, 064. 83 



878. 02 



408. 94 



477, 298. 02 



715. 94 



1,764.80 



$24, 463. 59 

 48,290.23 

 69, 629. 81 

 83, 638. 53 

 169, 492. 43 

 2.51,676.08 

 227, 344. 16 



874, 534. 83 



$493. 52 

 435. 01 

 397. 95 

 428. 11 

 490. 43 

 525.04 

 555. 93 



495. 54 



Another veiy important factor in determining the economy of a 

 convict force is the population of the camp and its adjustment to the 

 work to be done, but it is a factor which is overlooked frequently, 



