CONVICT LABOR FOR ROAD WORK. 



97 



carry away bad odors. The opening of the flue in the box should 

 be screened against flies. 



Portable Privy. 



A design for a sanitary, flyproof, portable privy for use in con- 

 nection with camp buildings, or in convict camps subject to more 

 or less frequent moving, is shown in Plate IV. It is so arranged as to 

 provide a separate and private compartment for each occupant, and 

 may be constructed to accommodate as many occupants as desired, 

 as each compartment forms a section of the entire building. At 

 least one section should be provided for every 15 convicts. The door 

 is provided with a hinged spring so that it will close automatically 

 and the ventilating and other 

 openings are all screened. The 

 screened opening at the bottom 

 of the door serves not only as a 

 ventilator, but also, by afford- 

 ing a view of the legs of the 

 occupant from the outside, as a 

 means of checking the abuses 

 which frequently arise in convict 

 camps where it is possible for 

 more than one person to oc- 

 cupy a privy compartment at 

 the same time. 



Sewers and Sewer Plumbing. Fig. 4.— The boxed can. Flies are excluded by the fly- 



tight box. Such a device is safe, sanitary, and con- 

 Camps in which running water venlent, and may be placed in an existing privy 

 |. . - - or in any suitable outbuilding. 



is supplied also must be provided 



with an adequate system of sewers and sewer plumbing to carry 

 oflp the water and water-borne wastes of the kitchen, lavatories, 

 shower baths, and water-closets. 



The sewer or the main pipe leading from the camp to the point 

 of disposal should be of salt-glazed, vitrified clay not less than 6 

 inches in diameter, with bell and spigot joints, and the joints should 

 be filled with cement mortar. The pipe should be laid in as nearly 

 a straight line as possible from the camp to the disposal point, and 

 care should be observed to eliminate abrupt irregularities in the 

 grade. In relatively temporary camps the pipe need be buried only 

 about 1 foot under the ground, except under roadways, where it 

 should be at least 18 inches under the surface. In permanent camps 

 it^will be well to lay the pipe from 2 to 4 feet below the surface of the 

 ground. In no case should a sewer pipe be laid within 100 feet of a 

 well. 



