128 BULLETIN 414, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



wooden quarters probably would be avoided, at least for temporary 

 camps, on account of the scarcity of wood. 



{d) The relative permanence of the camp on one site. A camp 

 which reasonably may be expected to remain in one place for four or 

 five years or longer may be treated as a permanent establishment 

 and a type of construction may and should be adopted which, for 

 more temporary quarters, would be too wasteful. Obviously, tents 

 are suitable only for what are termed ''flying camps" and would be 

 out of place in a permanent camp. 



(e) As between the various types suitable to the purposes of a 

 temporary camp, the choice of a particular type will be affected by 

 a consideration of the frequency of the moves, the probable dis- 

 tances between successive camp sites, and the character of the roads 

 over which it will be necessary to move the camp equipment. When 

 moves are to be frequent, distances great, and roads bad, the lightness 

 of tent equipment might be expected to outweigh many other con- 

 siderations. Under more favorable road conditions considerations 

 of economy might recommend the use of cars or cages, though the 

 use of such equipment is to be avoided whenever possible on account 

 of the extremely unpleasant associations attending their use. Finally, 

 for camps of a somewhat less mobile character well-designed portable 

 houses of metal or wood will serve admirably. 



(/) Lastly, an important consideration is the character of the 

 inmates to be housed, with respect to their relative trustworthiness, 

 race, crimes, and sentences, it being obvious that a more secure type 

 of building is necessary for the confinement of the desperate and 

 unreconciled than for ''honor" men and "trusties." 



After the most convenient type of building has been selected in 

 view of the foregoing considerations, attention should be given to 

 see that the structures selected or designed embody certain essential 

 properties which should be common to buildings of all types. 



First of these is economy. But giving this property the first con- 

 sideration does not mean that it should be achieved at the expense 

 of all the other properties essential to a good structure, but, rather, 

 that it should be considered in providing for the other properties, all 

 of which may be attained in either an extravagant or an economical 

 manner. In general, it may be stated that the interests of true 

 economy are best served by those forms of structures which embody 

 all the properties essential to their purpose, including longest service 

 for least cost, which is obviously not equivalent to mere cheapness 

 of first cost. For example, a well-designed portable building would 

 undoubtedly be found more economical for a temporary camp than 

 many of the cheap shacks which are used for that purpose, for, though 

 the latter are less expensive at first, their frequent tearing down and 

 rebuilding, accompanied by a necessary loss of material, make them 



