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BULLETIlSr 414, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



surfaces in such, way as to proclaim rather than conceal the presence 

 of dirt. 



Proper observance of the rules of ventilation and screening, given 

 elsewhere, should be another common property of all structures for 

 camp use. Attention to these features is a great aid toward assuring 

 the health of the inmates. 



A measure of security commensurate with the requirements of the 

 particular grades of convicts which they are designed to house should 

 also be provided by aU convict-camp structures. Buildings designed 

 for the quartering of "honor convicts'' may be relatively insecure, 

 but the lower or more desperate characters must be held by the vari- 

 ous means of bars and locks, chams and stockades. 



Finally, it is frequently desirable, in camps of variable population, 

 to design the structures so as to allow ready reductions or increases 

 in capacity. 



Fig. 7— Wall tent. 



The foregoing are the principal properties which should be reahzed 

 in aU types of camp buildings. In order to indicate how these prop- 

 erties may be embodied in such structures, the various types are 

 hereafter discussed in detail, with plans, specifications, costs, and 

 other available data given for a number of structures. 



TENTS. 



The form of tent used most extensively in connection with convict 

 camps in the United States is the "wall tent" shown in figure 7. 

 Such tents are supphed by the trade in various weights of cotton 

 duck, designated according to the weight per yard, as 6^, 8, 10, and 

 12 oujice duck, the last-named weight being the heaviest goods in 

 common use. Lightweight twills, measuring 30 inches in breadth 

 and weighing from 6^ to 8 ounces per yard, are the materials usually 

 employed in the construction of the largest sized tops, while 8, 10, 

 and 12 ounce ducks are used in the smaller sizes. 



The door openings usually consist of flaps placed in the ends of the 

 tent, though special side-opening tents also are obtainable. The 



