UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



s\J^'^^u 



1 BULLETIN No. 417 



Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology 

 L. O. HOWARD, Chief 



jTU^'^Vt. 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



July 25, 1917 



THE GENUS CALOSOMA: 



INCLUDING STUDIES OF SEASONAL HISTORIES, HABITS, AND 

 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AMERICAN SPECIES NORTH 

 OF MEXICO AND OF SEVERAL INTRODUCED SPECIES. 



By A. F. Burgess, In Charge of Gipsy Moth and Brown-tail Moth Investigations, and 

 C. W. Collins, Entomological Assistant. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 1 



History of the genus Calosoma 3 



General seasonal history of species of the 



genus Calosoma 4 



Number of generations of Calosoma 6 



Food habits of adults and larvae of Calosoma. 6 

 Economic importance of the species of Calo- 

 soma 7 



Limits on increase of species of Calosoma 8 



Experiment to determine the climbing habits 



01 Calosoma larvae 9 



Natural enemies of Calosoma 10 



Methods of shipping Calosoma beetles 13 



Methods of rearing Calosoma beetles 14 



Classification of Calosoma 16 



General remarks 20 



Calosoma eiternum (Say) 21 



Calosoma macrum Lee 25 



Calosoma protracium Lee 26 



Calosoma scrutator (Fab.) 26 



Calosoma icilcozi Lee 38 



Calosoma, frigidum Kirby 44 



Calosoma inquisitor (L.) 54 



Calosoma sayi Dej 62 



Calosoma sycophanta ( L. ) 64 



Calosoma reticulatum ( Fab. ) 67 



Calosoma anguUUum Chev 74 



Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosom.a 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosoma 

 Calosomi 



perigrinator Gu6r 75 



prominens Lee 78 



parviceps Casey 79 



lugubre Lee 79 



palmeri Horn 86 



triste Lee 86 



obsoletum Say 87 



semilaeoe Lee 90 



simplex Lee 93 



haydeni Horn 94 



tristoides Fall 97 



calidum (Fab.) 98 



morrisonii Horn 106 



tepidum Lee 106 



auropunctatum (Payk.) 107 



cancellatum Esch Ill 



subaeneum Chaud 114 



moniliatum Lee 114 



chinense Kirby 114 



discors Lee 1 19 



wilkesii Lee 120 



luxatum Say 120 



latipenne Horn 121 



aurocinctum Chaud 122 



dietzii Schaef 122 



maximowiczi Mor 123 



splendidum Dej 123 



INTRODUCTION. 



In 1905 an appropriation was made by the State of Massachusetts 

 for the purpose of bringing to this country parasites and other 

 natural enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. During 

 the same year Congress made a small appropriation to provide for an 

 investigation of the European parasites of tncse insects and the work 

 was tak(!n up by Dr. L. O. Howard, chief of the Bureau of Entomology. 

 As a result of a cooperative arrangement made between Mr. A. H. 

 Kirkland, then superintendent of moth work for the State of Massa- 

 chusetts, and the Bureau of Entomology, the general supervision 



54880°— Bull. 417— 17 — -1 



