THE GEKUS CALOSOMA. 53 



The data at hand is rather conchisive that these larvae seemed to 

 search for their food in, on, or near the ground. Starvation resulted 

 if the food supply was elsewhere. 



Starvation, and to a shght extent cannibalism, among the larvae is, 

 in the \\Titers' opinion, almost totally responsible for the nonin crease 

 of the species in the areas infested by the gipsy moth and brown-tail 

 moth. From the data at hand it also seems probable that frigidttm 

 does not reproduce as abundantly as some of the other species in vest- 

 gated. 



Li the gipsy moth infested area the beetle larvae occasionally find 

 stray' caterpillars crawling upon the ground, but these, on the whole, 

 are scarce except in cases where woodland is being stripped and 

 caterpillars are migrating in search of food. The writers have not 

 heard or noted C.fngidum as nmnevous in the area above mentioned 

 as they were in the White Mountain region of New Hampshire in 

 1909,^ when Heterocampa guttivitta defoliated large areas of beech, 

 maple, and other woodland growth and when 87 per cent of the 

 pupae were destroyed by larvae of frigidum in a single year. The 

 caterpillars of Heterocampa guttivitta furnish more food for frigidum 

 larvae than those of Porthetria dispar and Euproctis chrysorrlicea, 

 because the former usually fall or descend to the ground during their 

 feeding stages. Hence, the species, as a whole, fares much better in a 

 locahty where Heterocampa guttivitta or other lepidopterous insects 

 that pupate on the ground are present than where caterpillars or pupae 

 are present tliat remain in the trees. This, it is believed, explains 

 why C. frigidum has not increased rapidly and become an important 

 factor in destroying the gipsy and brown-tail moths. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1837. KiRBY, W. Fauna Boreali-Americana, Pt. IV. Insects. 325+xxxix p., 

 8 pi. 

 Page 19. Original description of the species. 



180.3. LeConte, J. L. Notes on the species of Calosoma inhabiting the United 

 States. In Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. f. 1862, v. 14, p. 52-53. 

 nasslflcation of the various species into gioups. 



1870. EJRBY, W. Insects of the Northern Parts of British America. In Oanad. 

 Ent., V. 2, no. 7, p. 89-93. 

 Page 89. Comparison otcalidum Fab. with frigidum Kirby. 



1878. LeConte, .1. L. Description of a new species of Calosoma. In Bui. Brook- 

 lyn Ent. Soc, V. 1, no. 8, p. 61-G(). 

 Pages 64, 65. Synoptic table of Calosoma. 



1882. Bell, J. T. Entomological papers. In 12th Ann. "Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ontario 

 f. 1881, p. 27-28. 

 Page 28. Notes on collection of adults from West Like, I'rince Edward County. 



1894. Harrington, W. H. Annual address of the President, /n 24th Ann. P^pt 

 Ent. Soc. Ontario f. 1893, p. 17-31, fig. 9-17. 

 Page 24. Notes to the effect that this species feeds upon cankerworms, also climbs well. 



1894. Leno, C. W., and Beutenmullek, W. Preliminary handbook of the Coleop- 

 tera of Northeastern America. In .lour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, v. 2, no. 3, p. 

 133-141, pi. 3. 

 Fa^e 140. Synoptical table of flalosoma of North Ka.stem Unitetl States. 



I89C. P.fMVDiTfH, F. C. T.iHt of Mount Washington Coleoptera. In Psyche, v. 7, 

 Supplement 11, Jl p. 

 Species taken In July at summit of Mount VViisliington. 



' Hurgess, A. F. Notes on OiloHnma frigidum Kirby, a native beneHcial insect. In Jour. Kcoii. Ent., 

 V. 3, p. 2l7-2?2. 



