34 BULLETIN 418, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUEE. 



may be considered to represent the present average cost of an average 

 operation in which 60,000 board feet are being taken each day from 

 the standing timber and loaded on the log cars, using the ordinary 

 methods of horse logging. 



Table 12. — Cost per thousand feet h. m. of logging yellow pine for an average sample 



operation. 



Operation. 



Cost per 



1,000 feet 



to. m. 



Felling and bucking 



Brush piling and burning 



Hauling by horses, stump to landing 



Loading 



Supervision 



Interest, depreciation, liability insurance, taxes, etc. 



Total 



SO. 70 

 .30 

 1.20 

 .20 

 .10 

 .30 



2.80 



MILLING. 



There are all kinds of sawmills cuttmg yellow pine in Oregon, from 

 the small portable mill that can cut not more than 6,000 feet of logs 

 a day and runs only a few days a year to the large band mill that 

 cuts 150,000 feet in 10 hours and runs day and night throughout 

 the year. Altogether, there are in the State about 100 mills that 

 cut yellow pine chiefly, and their aggregate daily capacity is a httle 

 under 2,000,000 feet, which would be equivalent to 600,000,000 feet 

 per annum if every mill ran 300 days a year. Since many of them 

 operate only a fraction of the time and cut other species of timber as 

 well, the output in 1915 of the 134 mills that reported cutting some 

 yellow pine was 189,203,000 feet, which was 15.1 per cent of the 

 whole country's cut of this species. At the present time there are in 

 Oregon less than 20 mills cutting chiefly yellow pine that have a 

 10-hour capacity of over 35,000 feet, and only 4 that have a capacity 

 of 80,000 feet or more. Each year, however, new mills are being 

 built. 



Most of the smaller mills that cut for the local use of the community 

 are equipped with a planer, upon which the better grades of boards 

 are dressed for use as finishing lumber. The larger sawmills have 

 elaborately, equipped planing mills where the rough boards are 

 kiln dried, resawed, surfaced, and dressed to such styles and sizes 

 as will find the most ready sale in the eastern markets and bring 

 prices that will repay the heavy transportation charges. 



In the smaller mills the lumber is either sold "^mill run" without 

 grading or it is graded into "finishing lumber" (which is surfaced 

 and sized), '^common," and "cull" lumber. In the larger mills the 

 lumber is carefully graded according to the specifications of the 

 lumber associations. 



