42 BULLETIN 418;, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



2. He can conduct the logging so that the seedlings and saplings, 

 small poles, and occasional large unmerchantable yellow pines which 

 are present in all stands will be spared and protected against forest 

 jQres, Misshapen or undersized yellow pines which it will not be 

 financially profitable to handle may be allowed to stand, for such 

 trees may make useful seed trees. Sometimes loggers now cut 10- 

 inch and 12-inch "bull pines" which are so small and yield such 

 sappy, knotty lumber that it is doubtful if their contents pay for 

 their handling. If such trees were left standing, the owner would be 

 out nothing and yet would have his land in better condition for pro- 

 ducing a second forest crop; and this would enhance its value even 

 though the second crop should not be as good as would be obtained 

 under a conservative selection method of cutting. 



3. Every tree both dead and ahve of all species should be utilized, 

 both in the woods and in the mill, to the utmost degree of practi- 

 cability. The saving effected by intensive utilization may help to 

 defray the cost of brush disposal. 



4. The brush should be piled and burned or otherwise disposed of, 

 so that the area will be immune from subsequent destructive fires. 

 Disposal of the brush will also benefit the grazing. The State law 

 now requires all slashings to be burned each year.^ 



It may be assumed that the first recommendation will be observed 

 anyway by aU timberland owners. Of the last three provisions, the 

 disposal of the brush is the only one that should cost the operator or 

 owner anything, and this piling and burning costs but Httle more 

 than the slash burning required by law of aU timberland owners and 

 operators throughout the State. It is beheved that the small amount 

 of money spent in brush piling and burning (perhaps 30 cents for 

 each thousand feet cut) is a good investment for the timberland owner 

 and will repay him in — 



(a) Increased ease in logging. 

 (6) Improved range for stock. 



(c) Added safety of surroiinding uncut timber and of adjoining logging investments 



against fire. 



(d) Insurance of the young reserved seedlings and poles (the oncoming crop) 



against disastrous fires during the next few years. 



The observance of these simple principles, which require no revo- 

 lution in present logging methods, and which add but a trifle to the 

 present logging costs, seems well worth while for the owner who is 

 operating in yellow pine and is planning to hold his cut-over land 

 anyway. Cut-over land which has a second crop started should be 

 worth more some years hence than land that is absolutely denuded. 

 And if this second crop is secured without cost other than the charges 

 of holding the land, any increase in the value of the land on account 

 of its second crop is net gain. 



1 Chapter 278, section 11, Laws of Oregon, 1911. 



