2 BULLETIN 419, U. S. DEPAETMENT OP AGKICULTURE. 



Incolor Swainson (3), which he considers the female of maculalis. 

 Jn 1854 Guenee (5, p. 189) included in the genus Desmia descrip- 

 itions of both maculalis and Hiibner'sfuneralis, the latter being taken 

 from Hiibner's original figure of the species. Five years later 

 Walker (7) reduced Desmia maculalis Westw. to the rank of a syno- 

 ■nym, naturally giving Desmia funeralis Hiibn. priority. 

 ■ Following is the synonymy of the species: 



Desmia funeralis. 



Pyralis funeralis JIuhii., Pyral. f. 103, 1796. 



Anania funeralis Hiibn., Verz. Schm. 360, 3449. 



Botys bicolor ? Swain., Zool. Illustr. II, pi. 77. 1821-2. 



Desmia maculalis Westw., Mag. Zool. Class IX, pi. 2. 1832. 



Desmia funeralis (Htibn.) Guen., Delt. et Pyral. No. 124, p. 190. 1854. 



The history of the grape leaf-folder from an economic standpoint 

 began in 1855 with Glover's (6, p. 78) description of the injury 

 inflicted upon grapevines under glass. The remedy suggested, 

 which has been recommended most often since, was hand-picking 

 and tramphng under foot of the folded leaves, thus killing the larvae. 

 Glover had specimens and records of injury from the District of 

 Golmnbia, Columbia, S. C, and Atlanta, Ga. 



In 1868 Riley (9) gave a short description of the insect and its work 

 and stated that it was of common occurrence in Ilhnois. 



Saunders (10), in his "Insects Injurious to the Grape," mentions 

 having met with a few specimens of the gTape leaf -folder in Ontario, 

 Canada. 



In 1897 Hoy (11) stated that Desmia, in Wisconsin, was a great 

 pest among the vineyards. 



Bulletin 4 of the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 

 (12) states that the insect is very abundant throughout the Southern 

 States; the damage wrought by it, however, is slight. The usual 

 remedial measure, that of crushing the larvae within the folded leaves, 

 is recommended. 



In the same year Woodworth (13) writes that Desmia funeralis is 

 an important pest in Arkansas. Here we find the most complete 

 account of the hfe history to date. Six species of insects parasitic 

 on the grape leaf -folder were obtained, and the author advises keeping 

 the infested leaves, after picking, in a finely screened box in order to 

 afford the parasites an opportunity to escape, but yet retain the hosts, 

 and thus materially aid in the natural control of the pest. 



The same author (14, p. 71), two years later, informs us that the 

 station vineyard at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station is 

 badly infested. He notes a difference in the amount of injury in- 

 flicted upon different varieties of grape. 



Riley (16) again refers to the insect, quoting correspondence show- 

 ing the leaf -folder to be common in Texas, and Troop (15, p. 74) re- 



