4 



BULLETIN 423^ U. S. BEPiOlTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 



of New York and as far west as the Finger Lake district. In this 

 entire area all of the above three conditions — market, adaptability of 

 the area to dairying, and transportation facilities — are present; 

 hence there has been developed a most intensive form of the market 

 milk industr3^ Boston may be cited as another city presenting simi- 

 lar conditions, but on a much smaller scale. 



In no other part of the United States do like conditions obtain. 

 The large cities of the Central West, it is true, offer a large market 

 for fresh milk, but the natural, topographical, and soil conditions of 

 the environing farming areas are more or less favorable to crop pro- 

 duction ; hence we find in these areas a less intensive type of dairying 

 than we find in the more rugged country about the great cities of the 



Fig. 2. — Typical topography of the Eastena dairy farm, where the dairy is the dominant 

 factor in determining labor requirements. 



East. Only in the immediate vicinity of the largest cities of the 

 Central West is market milk produced intensively. Dairy farms lo- 

 cated outside of this limited area receive a much smaller proportion 

 of their income from dairy products than does the average dairy 

 farm of the East. (See fig. 3.) It is from such farms that much of 

 the butter and cheese made in the United States comes. The total 

 value of Iowa's dairy products is great, yet the majority of Iowa 

 farmers maintain comparatively small herds of dairy cattle. Accord- 

 ing to the Thirteenth Census, in 1909 this State ranked third in the 

 production of butter, with Wisconsin first and Minnesota second. 



Thus it will be seen that there are two distinct types of dairy 

 farming in vogue in this country — ^the strictly dairy type of the 

 comparatively rugged Northeastern States and the mixed type which 

 prevails throughout the dairy regions of the Middle West. 



