J-AEMING ON" CUT-OVER LANDS. 



15 



rust. To offset this the corn and hay crops were generally good, the 

 hay crop bemg exceptionally good in some parts of the district. A 

 limited number of records taken for the years 1913 and 1915 indicate 

 that these labor incomes are only slightly below normal. 



From a strictly business point of view these farms do not appear 

 to be successful, but they furnish a home for the family and offer 

 an opportmiity to earn a living. The owners, however, should not 

 be satisfied with their present conditions, and indeed most of them 

 are not. 



QUALITY OF COWS AND LABOR INCOME. 



Tlie uifluence of quality of cows on labor income can be satisfac- 

 torily studied only on farms on which dairying is a leading enterprise. 

 For tliis reason Table 7 includes only farms that have 40 per cent 

 or more of the gross mcome from the sale of dairy products. 



Table 7. — Income on dairy farms as affected by quality of cows .^ 

 [Average of 164 farms.] 





Income 



Num- 



Num- 

 ber of 



Aver- 



In- 



Family 



Family 

 labor 



in- 

 come. 



Farm 



Labor 



Group and tillable area. 



1 



per 

 cow. 



ber of 

 farms. 



covrs 



per 



farm. 



age 



tillable 



area. 



come 

 per 

 cow. 



in- 

 come. 



ia- 

 come. 



in- 

 come. 











Acres. 















Less 



34 



6.2 



26.4 



$33. 7 



S1S3. 



-$71.9 



-$9. 9 



-$264. 8 





than 



















Group A, less than 40 acres . 



$50. 





















?uO or 



26 



7.2 



28.7 



65.5 



504.3 



204.8 



330.1 



30.6 





more. 





















Less 



34 



9.7 



53.5 



36.5 



315.7 



- 34.4 



81.4 



- 268.7 





than 



















Group Bj 40to 80 acres 



.S50. 



















: 



■SoO or 



56 



9.8 



57.1 



72.0 



771.2 



346. 8 



546.5 



122.1 





more. 



















1 



Less 

 than 



None. 

















1 

















Group C , 80 acres or more. . . 



SoO. 





















S50 or 



14 



18.4 



124.8 



86.1 



1,487.8 



66S.0 



1,095.8 



276.0 



• 1 



more. 



















In order to eliminate the influence of size of business, the farms are 

 first grouped according to tillable area. Each group is then sub- 

 divided on the basis of income per cow. In each group the first 

 subdivision includes all farms having less than $50 income per cow, 

 and the second subdivision includes all farms on which the income 

 per cow is SoO or more. 



Group A contains farms having a cultivated area not to exceed 

 40 acres. In this group the farms having poor cows have practi- 

 cally the same number of cows and the samc^, acreage under cul- 

 tivation as the farms having the better grade of cows. This elimi- 

 nates sizf; of })usiness as m(!asured in num}>er of cows and tillabh? 

 area. In a similar way the iriflu(^nce of size of business is miiiimiz(>(l 

 in groups B and C. 



' As thft term la u«ofl in this bulletin, a dairy f:vrm i.s one that derives at least 40 per cent of il s nxioipls 

 from the salfl of dairy prcxlucls and not that much from any other one enterprise. 



