THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. 119 



adduced that primeval man was really contemporary with these 

 creatures is manifold, and apparently conclusive, and in the work 

 before us is carefully sifted and weighed in all its bearings, much 

 being rejected as inapplicable or uncertain. The evidences relied 

 on are chiefly the following : 



1. Human remains found with those of extinct animals in caves 

 in Belgium, in England, and elsewhere, in circumstances which 

 preclude the probability of their mixture by interments or other 

 modern causes. 



2. The finding of flint implements associated with bones of 

 extinct animals in the valley of the Somme, and elsewhere. 



3. A supposed sepulchral cave of this period discovered in the 

 south of France. In addition to these there are many minor facts 

 tending to the same conclusion, but with less distinctness. 



It is impossible to give extracts which will convey any adequate 

 idea of the facts adduced from the above sources, but the follow- 

 ing paragraphs may serve as examples of some of them. They 

 relate to evidence that man was contemporary with extinct ani- 

 mals, afforded by caverns near Liege, explored by Dr. Schmerling, 

 and to the similar evidence obtained in the cave of Brixham in 

 England. 



" The rock in which the Liege caverns occur belongs generally 

 to the Carboniferous or Mountain limestone, in some few cases 

 only, to the older Devonian formation. Whenever the work of 

 destruction has not gone too far, magnificent sections, sometimes 

 200 and 300 feet in height, are exposed to view. They confirm 

 Schmerling's doctrine, that most of the materials, organic and in- 

 organic, now filling the caverns, have been washed into them 

 through narrow vertical or oblique fissures, the upper extremities 

 of which are choked up with soil and gravel, and would scarcely 

 ever be discoverable at the surface, especially in so wooded a. 

 country. Among the sections obtained by quarrying, one of the 

 finest which I saw was in the beautiful valley of Fond du Foret, 

 above Chaudefontaine, not far from the village of Magne'e ; where 

 one of the rents communicating with the surface has been filled up 

 to the brim with rounded and half-rounded stones, angular pieces 

 of limestone and shale, besides sand and mud, together with 

 bones, chiefly of the cave-bear. Connected with this main duct, 

 which is from one to two feet in width, are several minor ones, 

 each from one to three inches wide, also extending to the upper 

 country or table-land, and choked up with similar materials. 



