ELEPHANT REMAINS IN CANADA. 145 



(assuming that his figure is half the natural size), the following 

 are the results in decimal parts of an inch : 



Average 

 Width. 



Right upper (Wyman) -49 



Left upper " "50 



Right lower " -53 



Left lower " -52 



Right upper (Foster) -46 



Right lower (Billings) -44 



The first thirteen plates of the same at two 



inches below worn surface - 51 



In the Zanesville molars, there were eighteen plates in the upper, 

 and seventeen in the lower, brought into view. Consequently the 

 average width of the plates, on the worn surface, is greater than it 

 would be if only nine plates had been brought out to view by 

 wear, as in our specimen. 



According to the views of Mr. Foster, as given in the Proc. 

 Am. Assoc, above cited, the remains of the Ohio elephants were 

 found in a deposit accumulated just after the close of the northern 

 drift period, and while the river terraces were in process of forma- 

 tion. The individual, to which the four molars described by Prof. 

 Wyman belonged, was discovered in an ancient shore of the 

 Muskingum River, in what he, Mr. Foster, calls valley drift, being 

 composed of loam sand and gravel filling up the original valley of 

 the stream that had been excavated out of the palaeozoic rocks- 

 This valley drift holds large blocks of rock ; evidently transported, 

 but derived from the neighboring carboniferous and Devonian 

 formations, over which the river flows. These blocks were most 

 probably floated, not by icebergs, but by river ice r at a time when 

 a somewhat colder climate prevailed in the Western States. Some 

 of these blocks were found, immediately above the stratum of 

 sand holding the elephant's bones. I believe this valley drift to be 

 of the same geological age as the formation of sand gravel at Ham- 

 ilton in which our specimens were found. On comparing all 

 the evidence — namely, the figures and descriptions published 

 by Briggs and Foster, the measurements of the teeth given by 

 Prof. Wyman, the proximity of the localities and the probable 

 identity in geological age of the valley drift and lake terraces, — 

 I think it almost certain that the four elephants above noticed are 

 all of the same species, E. Jacksoni. 



I have no means, except the figures published by different 



Can. Nat. 10 Vol. VIII. 



