146 ELEPHANT KEMAINS IN CANADA. 



authors of comparing E. Jacksoni with E. primigenius. Dr. H. 

 Falconer in an article, (extraordinary for the amount of valuable 

 instruction it contains) published in the Natural History Review 

 for January, 1863, points out that the American molars, referred 

 to E. primigenius, differ from those of the European form of that 

 species, in having the plates more numerous in proportion to the 

 length of the teeth. He also says (p. 6V Op. cit.) that the figure 

 of the lower jaw of E. Jacksoni, above mentioned, indicates a dif- 

 ferent species. But he was evidently not aware that the molars 

 in question and the jaw belong to the same. Our specimens set 

 that question at rest. The figures 4 and 5 PI. 11, Cuvier's Ossi- 

 mens Fossiles represent two lower jaws of E. primigenius. Fig. 

 4 is one-eighth of the natural size, and shews a symphysial canal 

 8 lines wide, giving 5J- inches for the width of it in the ori- 

 ginal. That of Fig. 5 had a canal 4 inches wide. The width of 

 fie same organ in our two specimens of E. Jacksoni is 2-J- and 1% 

 inches respectively. This difference is so great that, could we 

 compare entire animals or skeletons of both species we would, in 

 all probability, find corresponding differences throughout their 

 whole frame. The difference in the molar teeth is not so great, 

 but still it is such that it gives, as Dr. Falconer says, " a certain 

 amount of distinctive physiognomy." By itself it would not, per- 

 haps, amount to much ; but when taken in connection with the 

 difference in the form of the symphysis it becomes important. 



It seems quite certain that there are several species of Ameri- 

 can fossil elephants, but the question, how many ? remains yet to 

 be decided. 



The following have been indicated, but much yet remains to be 

 done before the Synonymy can be clearly settled. 



1 E. primigenius, (Blumenbach). 



2 E. Jacksoni, (Briggs & Foster) 1838. 



3 E. Bupertianus, (Sir J. Richardson) 1852. 



4 E. Americanus, (Leidy) 1853. 



5 E. Columbi, (Falconer) 1857. 



6 E. Imperator, (Leidy) 1858. 



1 E. Texanus, (Blake ? or Owen) 1858. 



The last three are clearly distinct from E. Jacksoni, but are 

 they distinct from each other? I have seen no description of E. 

 Americanus. Dr. Falconer says that Sir J. Richardson has with- 

 drawn E. Rupertianus from the list, having become aware by his 

 own researches that it is not separable from E. primigenius. 



