ON THE GEOLOGY OF ST. JOHN. 24S 



as shelving from the southern side of a ridge of syenite ; and an 

 older group, in which he includes the conglomerates, clay slates, 

 sandstones, talcose slates and trap beds of Mispeck and Black 

 River. 



It will be one of my objects in the following remarks to show 

 that the latter group is partly contemporaneous with, but for the 

 most part less ancient than those to which Prof. Dawson's papers 

 relate, and that Dr. Gesner's lower group is really to a great ex- 

 tent younger than his " upper series." 



In the map and section accompanying these observations, I 

 have endeavoured to show the distribution of the various groups 

 of strata and the manner in which they have been tilted and 

 folded. 



Three principal folds in the strata are observable. The outer 

 folds are anticlinal. Of these the northwestern skirts the south 

 side of Kennebeckasis Bay, a lake-like expansion of the lower 

 part of that river. 



The southeastern runs parallel to the Bay of Fundy, and at a 

 short distance from it. Its axis has a considerable inclination ta 

 the southwest, for the strata are found to bend over it (in ascend- 

 ing order) in that direction. 



This peculiarity causes the deposit in the intermediate syncli- 

 nal fold to expand to the westward and assume the appearance of 

 a basin opening to the sea. 



On examining the section it will be seen that of the two anti- 

 clinal folds there shown, the northern brings up beds of an age 

 much greater than any which are seen in the southern, where the 

 section crosses it. 



Principal Dawson in his article on the Devonian Flora of North- 

 eastern America,* published in the November number, 1862, of 

 the Journal of the Geological Society, divides these pre-carboni- 

 ferous beds into several groups, which with some modifications are 

 given below. I have attached names to these groups (indicating 

 the localities where the best and most typical exposures have been 

 observed), which may serve the convenience of local observers,. 



* I was favoured with an opportunity to peruse the rough draft of & 

 part of this article, and have in consequence to a great extent avoided 

 details relative to the rocks in the city and its immediate vicinity. Had 

 I seen it in print before the following remarks were written, I would 

 have omitted more, and thus have made them more concise and less re- 

 petitious. 



